SSM框架实战详细教程（四）Spring MVC环境搭建与测试

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已于 2022-06-13 15:08:47 修改

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分类专栏： SSM 文章标签： SSM Spring MVC

于 2022-03-23 20:00:00 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/GodBlessYouAndMe/article/details/123685929

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本文介绍了如何创建一个基于Maven的SpringMVC项目，详细讲述了从新建项目、配置pom.xml、设置web.xml到编写springmvc.xml的过程。在项目中，还展示了如何定义一个简单的Controller并进行测试，以验证SpringMVC环境的搭建是否成功。

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在testJavaEE项目下，新建一个testmvc项目（Maven Webapp项目），作为Spring MVC的学习，项目结构如下：
在这里插入图片描述
为了方便，在pom.xml中直接引入SSM的所有依赖。本次使用的Spring版本为5：

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <mybatis.version>3.5.0</mybatis.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax</groupId>
        <artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
        <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.11</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.47</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
        <version>1.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

在web.xml中引入Spring MVC的入口Servlet，并配置一个防止字符乱码的过滤器：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

在resources下新建一个springmvc的配置文件，在里面配置了需要扫描得到包和视图管理器：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans default-lazy-init="true"
	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc   
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd   
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

	<!-- 使用注解的包，包括子集 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="controller" />
	<!-- 通过注解，把URL映射到Controller上，该标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven />
	<!-- 视图解析器 -->
	<bean id="viewResolver"
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="viewClass"
			value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>

	<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/" />
	<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/" />
</beans>

通过测试才能验证Spring MVC搭建是否成功，在项目中新建一个controller包，在里面定义一个TestController类：

@Controller
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public void test1() {
        System.out.println("hello!");
    }
 }

该代码的作用是，通过浏览器访问/test1.do，则可驱动test1()方法执行，方法执行可以在控制台输出“hello！”字符串。请忽视浏览页面会出现的404错误，检查控制台出现字符串，表示环境搭建成功。