Linux Study -- Tour directory in Linux

Understanding the Filesystem Tree

    AUnix-like operation system such as Linux organizes its files in what is calleda hierarchical directory structure.This means that they are organized in a tree-likepattern of directories,which may contain files and other directories.The firstdirectory in the filesystem is called the root directory.The root directorycontains files and subdirectories,which contain more files and subdirectories,andso on.

    Unlike Windows,which has a separatefilesystem tree for each storage device,Unix-like systems such as Linux alwayshave a single filesystem tree,regardless of how many drives or storage devicesare attached to the computer.Storage devices are attached(or more correctly,mounted)atvarious points on the tree according to the whims of the system administrator.

 Tour directory in Linux

       COMMAND  pwd

       Acronymof Print working directory.

 

       COMMAND  ls

       Tolist the files and directories in the specified directory , default display thecurrent directory if we specified no directory.

 

       COMMAND cd

       Changethe current working directory.

       Wecan enter every directory if we have permission -- we talk about permission morea little late. And their has to way to locate a directory.

       Firstcalled absolute pathnames, it's always start with / (root directory), like /usrmean the usr directory belong root directory.

       Secondis called relative pathnames, there is something you must understand is theonly period(.) mean the current working directory ,and double period(..) meanthe parent directory of the current working directory . The relative pathnamesis begin from current directory, like  "./cpp"mean the the directory belong the current working directory.

   We can ignore the ./ always -- "cpp" is equals "./cpp",and "../cpp" mean the cpp directory belong parent directory.

       Thenwe can use the cd command happily,

       cd/usr/bin  # cd the directory named bin belongthe usr directory,and usr is belong the root directory.

       cdcpp/main

       cd..        # cd the parent directory ofcurrent working directory

       andso on.

 

       InTable 2-1 we see some useful ways the current working directory can be quicklychanged.

Shortcut	Result
cd	Changes the working directory to your home directory
cd ~	Changes the working directory to the previous working directory
cd ~username	Changes the working directory to the home directory of username.For example ,cd _bob changes the directory to the home directory of user bob.

 

       Nowwe can climb the Linux filesystem tree.

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