[剑指offer]整数中1出现的次数（从1到n整数中1出现的次数）

题目

整数中1出现的次数（从1到n整数中1出现的次数）

描述

求出1~13的整数中1出现的次数,并算出100~1300的整数中1出现的次数？为此他特别数了一下1~13中包含1的数字有1、10、11、12、13因此共出现6次,但是对于后面问题他就没辙了。ACMer希望你们帮帮他,并把问题更加普遍化,可以很快的求出任意非负整数区间中1出现的次数。

思路

来源LeetCode
Go through the digit positions by using position multiplier m with values 1, 10, 100, 1000, etc.

For each position, split the decimal representation into two parts, for example split n=3141592 into a=31415 and b=92 when we’re at m=100 for analyzing the hundreds-digit. And then we know that the hundreds-digit of n is 1 for prefixes “” to “3141”, i.e., 3142 times. Each of those times is a streak, though. Because it’s the hundreds-digit, each streak is 100 long. So (a / 10 + 1) * 100 times, the hundreds-digit is 1.

Consider the thousands-digit, i.e., when m=1000. Then a=3141 and b=592. The thousands-digit is 1 for prefixes “” to “314”, so 315 times. And each time is a streak of 1000 numbers. However, since the thousands-digit is a 1, the very last streak isn’t 1000 numbers but only 593 numbers, for the suffixes “000” to “592”. So (a / 10 * 1000) + (b + 1) times, the thousands-digit is 1.

The case distincton between the current digit/position being 0, 1 and >=2 can easily be done in one expression. With (a + 8) / 10 you get the number of full streaks, and a % 10 == 1 tells you whether to add a partial streak.

代码

public static void main(String[] args) {
//        System.out.println( T31.solution(13) );
    //优化算法
    System.out.println( T31.solution2(13) );

}
//暴力法
public static int solution(int n){
    int t = 0;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        int temp = i;
        while(temp>0){
            if(temp%10==1)
                t++;
            temp = temp/10;
        }
    }
    return t;
}
public static int solution2(int n){
    int ones = 0;
    for (long m = 1; m <= n; m *= 10)
        ones += (n/m + 8) / 10 * m + (n/m % 10 == 1 ? n%m + 1 : 0);
    return ones;
}

思路还没懂…..