静态路由综合实验

不让学习就跳海

已于 2023-11-01 13:07:51 修改

阅读量1.1k

点赞数 14

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：网络

于 2023-11-01 00:19:33 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Fithck/article/details/134145033

一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求

1、R6为ISP，接口IP地址均为公有地址，该设备只能配置IP地址，之后不能再对其进行任何配置；

2、R1-R5为局域网，私有IP地址192.168.1.0/24，请合理分配；

3、R1、R2、R4，各有两个环回IP地址；R5，R6各有一个环回地址；所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口；

4、R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址；

5、选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路；

6、R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回;

7、在R1上配置telnet服务，使R6能通过R5的公有地址telnet到R1上；

8、R4与R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100M链路；

三、实验步骤

1.先分别将路由器的ip地址和环回都添加上去

R1:

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30

[R1]int LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[R1]int LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28

[R1]dis ip int brief

R2:

[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30

[R2]int LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[R2]int LoopBack 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28

[R2]dis ip int brief

R3:

[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30

[R3]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.97 27

4、R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址；

在R3上：配置DHCP服务，创建地址池

[R3]dhcp enable              #开启DHCP服务
[R3]ip pool aa               #配置地址池名字
[R3-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27        #配置地址池中的地址
[R3-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97           #配置网关
[R3-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8    #配置DNS地址

在R3上接口下，全局应用：

[R3]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global

PC1：

PC2：

R4:

[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[R4]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[R4]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30



[R4]int LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[R4]int LoopBack 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28

R5:

[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[R5]int g0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 12.0.0.1 24

[R5]int LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.161 27

R6:

[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.2 24

[R6]int LoopBack 0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24

配置静态路由实现全网通：

R1:

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2        #缺省
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

R2:

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10   #缺省

R3:

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14


[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14  #缺省

R4:

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22


[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18         #缺省
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

R5:

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2            #缺省

使用R1----ping----R5: (成功，静态路由配置成功)

5.避免环路，进行防环设计：

R1:

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

R2:

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

R4:

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

R5:

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 NULL 0

R4与R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100M链路

更改pre优先值：优先级大的后执行

我们查询到两个优先级都是60，我们可以调大100M的线路为80

R4:

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22 preference 80

R5:

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 pre 80
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 pre 80
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 pre 80
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 pre 80
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 pre 80
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 pre 80
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 pre 80
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 pre 80

<R1>tracert 192.168.1.160      #查询从本机到R5环回所要经过的路由器的IP地址，看是否走1000M路线

最后一跳是192.168.1.18走的是1000M的路线成功

接下来我们使用nat让公私网能够通：

私网通过NAPT，使 R 接入到公网：

[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]q
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

R1可以-----ping通----R6说明公私网通了

6.R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回;

R1----R6:

R5----R6:

7.在R1上配置telnet服务，使R6能通过R5的公有地址telnet到R1上；

在R1上配telnet服务：

[R1]aaa
[R1-aaa]local-user ck privilege level 15 password cipher 123
[R1-aaa]local-user ck service-type telnet
[R1-aaa]q
[R1]user-interface vty 0 4
[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

在R5的公网接口上配置NAT SERVER，映射端口23

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 inside 192.168.1.5 23