实战案例：Zabbix 对 Nginx的监控_zabbix 6监控nginx 使用官方模板-优快云博客

本文详细介绍了如何在Zabbix中监控Nginx，包括安装和配置Zabbix Agent，编写Shell脚本收集Nginx状态信息，导入监控模板，以及验证和调整监控项。同时，展示了处理HTTPS（SSL443）报错的步骤，确保Zabbix能准确监控Nginx的活动连接、状态和HTTP/HTTPS端口。

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在实际生产中经常需要自定义各种软件的Zabbix的监控项，相对繁琐，在Zabbix官网和第三方网站都提供了大量的监控模板，很多写得非常完美，我们可下载并导入这些模板，并进行修改成适合自己生产用的监控模板，非常便利和高效。本文介绍利用现有的模板对nginx的活动连接和当前状态等运行状态等项目进行监控的全过程。

基本步骤：通过脚本采集Nginx状态页数据 → zabbix agent获取监控项数据 → 导入监控模板 → 检查并修改完善监控项、触发器及图形 → 验证数据

1. 部署Nginx
如果是编译安装需要添加编译参数--with-http_stub_status_module；本次采用yum安装方式。

#### 安装并配置Nginx，前面还需要安装zabbix agent
## 配置zabbix 的yum源并安装zabbix agent
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.0/rhel/8/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#dnf clean all
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#dnf -y install zabbix-agent 

########################################################################
#### 安装nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#yum info nginx 
.......................
Name         : nginx
Epoch        : 1
Version      : 1.14.1
.......................


[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#yum install -y nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#find / -name nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
.........................
    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
########################加上下面这段启用nginx状态页的配置######################
        location /nginx_status {
           stub_status;
           allow 192.168.0.0/16;
           allow 127.0.0.1; 
           deny all;
        }
########################加上上面这段启用nginx状态页的配置######################
        location / {
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }
............................

#### 定位nginx二进制可执行文件位置并验证语法
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#find / -name nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx
/var/lib/nginx
/var/log/nginx
/usr/sbin/nginx
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/nginx
/usr/lib64/nginx
/usr/share/licenses/nginx
/usr/share/doc/nginx
/usr/share/nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#/usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#

#### 启动Nginx服务
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#systemctl enable --now nginx

[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#ss -tln
State          Recv-Q          Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port         Process         
LISTEN         0               511                            0.0.0.0:80                           0.0.0.0:*                 
LISTEN         0               128                            0.0.0.0:10050                        0.0.0.0:*                 
LISTEN         0               511                               [::]:80                              [::]:* 
LISTEN         0               128                               [::]:10050                           [::]:*

#### 在IP88上配置好nginx的状态页后，切换到另外主机测试状态页的访问

[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#curl http://192.168.250.88/nginx_status
Active connections: 1 
server accepts handled requests
 3 3 3 
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0 
[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#

2. 自定义监控项脚本：

#### 脚本的编写思路，是通过访问Nginx的状态页面，并抽取需要监控的数据在Zabbix上去显示、分析并报警
## 本机上通过命令查看到的信息
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/"
Active connections: 1 
server accepts handled requests
 717 717 717 
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0 
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#

## 依据上面的现实信息，利用shell命令抽取需要的关键数据
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#cd /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#vim nginx_monitor.sh
#!/bin/bash 

nginx_status_fun(){ 
        NGINX_PORT=$1
        NGINX_COMMAND=$2 
        nginx_active(){ 
        /usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Active' | awk '{print $NF}'
        }
        nginx_reading(){
        /usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Reading' | awk '{print $2}'
       }
        nginx_writing(){
        /usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Writing' | awk '{print $4}'
       }
        nginx_waiting(){
        /usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Waiting' | awk '{print $6}'
       }
        nginx_accepts(){
        /usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $1}'
       }
        nginx_handled(){
        /usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $2}'
       }
        nginx_requests(){
        /usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $3}'
       }
        case $NGINX_COMMAND in
                active)
                        nginx_active;
                        ;;
                reading)
                        nginx_reading;
                        ;;
                writing)
                        nginx_writing;
                        ;;
                waiting)
                        nginx_waiting;
                        ;;
                accepts)
                        nginx_accepts;
                        ;;
                handled)
                        nginx_handled;
                        ;;
                requests)
                        nginx_requests;
                esac 
}

main(){
        case $1 in
                nginx_status)
                        nginx_status_fun $2 $3;
                        ;;
                *) 
                        echo $"Usage: $0 {nginx_status key}"
        esac
}

main $1 $2 $3
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#

## 授权可执行权限
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#chmod a+x nginx_monitor.sh  
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#ll
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1471 May 24 11:48 nginx_monitor.sh

## 测试脚本运行
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#bash nginx_monitor.sh nginx_status 80 active
1

3. Zabbix Agent添加自定义监控项

#### 前面已经安装好zabbix_agent，修改并配置好zabbix_agent
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
..............................
# UserParameter=
UserParameter=nginx_status[*],/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/nginx_monitor.sh "$1" "$2" "$3" 
..............................

[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#systemctl restart zabbix-agent
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#

[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#grep "^[a-Z]" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
PidFile=/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log
LogFileSize=0
Server=192.168.250.18
ListenPort=10050
ServerActive=127.0.0.1
Hostname=192.168.250.88
Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/*.conf
UserParameter=nginx_status[*],/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/nginx_monitor.sh "$1" "$2" "$3"
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#

4. Zabbix Server命令行测试监控项数据

[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#yum install zabbix-get.x86_64
[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#find / -name zabbix_get
/usr/bin/zabbix_get
[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#/usr/bin/zabbix_get -s 192.168.250.88 -p 10050 -k "nginx_status["nginx_status",80,"active"]"        
1
[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#

5. 导入Nginx监控模板
Zabbix 官网及第三方网站有比较多的模板可以下载，本次导入已经准备并修改好的Nginx监控模板，来建立对nginx的监控。

6. 添加主机并关联模板

配置 --- 主机 --- 创建主机

7. 验证监控数据

8. https（SSL443）报错处置
实际生产中使用http越来越少，考虑安全都用https来构建网站的访问，在监控模板内有对Nginx的HTTPS端口的监控，如果不可用就会报警，我们前面做nginx的配置时候特意没开启这个端口，埋下这个坑目的就是演示Zabbix报告问题后演示处置Zabbix在问题修复后的监控显示变化过程。

####在nginx的conf中开启了https，命令格式：listen  443 ssl;    再重新启动nginx后在Zabbix的监控端就不再有ssl端口不可用的问题报告了。实际上在配置网站https需要制作申请证书等，仅仅演示SSL端口存活监控就不再做相应的证书申请等配置了。

[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  
.......................
    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       443 ssl; 
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;


        location /nginx_status {
           stub_status;
           allow 192.168.0.0/16;
           allow 127.0.0.1;
           deny all;
        }
        location / {
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
.......................


[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#find / -name nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx
/var/lib/nginx
/var/log/nginx
/usr/sbin/nginx
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/nginx
/usr/lib64/nginx
/usr/share/licenses/nginx
/usr/share/doc/nginx
/usr/share/nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#/usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#systemctl restart nginx

[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#ss -tln 
State          Recv-Q          Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port         Process         
LISTEN         0               511                            0.0.0.0:80                           0.0.0.0:*  
LISTEN         0               511                            0.0.0.0:443                          0.0.0.0:*                            
                           
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#

经过上面对nginx的配置修改，添加了ssl443端口的监听后，在Zabbix上观测到故障提示已经消除了。

9. 监控模板源代码
监控模板文件：Nginx_Monitor.xml 是yaml格式的文件，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<zabbix_export>
    <version>6.0</version>
    <date>2022-05-24T07:57:21Z</date>
    <groups>
        <group>
            <uuid>7df96b18c230490a9a0a9e2307226338</uuid>
            <name>Templates</name>
        </group>
    </groups>
    <templates>
        <template>
            <uuid>3d289c02810f4f46a9a843c51bbcb3eb</uuid>
            <template>Nginx_Monitor.xml</template>
            <name>Nginx_Monitor</name>
            <groups>
                <group>
                    <name>Templates</name>
                </group>
            </groups>
            <items>
                <item>
                    <uuid>1a3bf4030ee9479d8ba67345d22cb0f9</uuid>
                    <name>nginx_listen_80</name>
                    <key>net.tcp.listen[80]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <history>30d</history>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                    <triggers>
                        <trigger>
                            <uuid>74f8ef360a904708940e562ec05d276a</uuid>
                            <expression>last(/Nginx_Monitor.xml/net.tcp.listen[80])<>1</expression>
                            <name>{HOST.NAME} listen_80</name>
                            <priority>HIGH</priority>
                        </trigger>
                    </triggers>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <uuid>1ea87c8ed484470197109eec5d5081b3</uuid>
                    <name>nginx_listen_443</name>
                    <key>net.tcp.listen[443]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                    <triggers>
                        <trigger>
                            <uuid>0683b27cb6184b86a17ba48c0af2728c</uuid>
                            <expression>last(/Nginx_Monitor.xml/net.tcp.listen[443])<>1</expression>
                            <name>{HOST.NAME} listen_443</name>
                            <priority>HIGH</priority>
                        </trigger>
                    </triggers>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <uuid>1e305b2c147046409098a10fe127f9ca</uuid>
                    <name>Nginx 对后端发起的活动连接数</name>
                    <key>nginx_status["nginx_status",80,"active"]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <history>365d</history>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <uuid>ed23692b494d45348665efef0039ffd7</uuid>
                    <name>Nginx 总共处理的连接数</name>
                    <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,accepts]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <history>365d</history>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <uuid>a803578dcb324681b51ae5b9732608c0</uuid>
                    <name>Nginx 成功创建的握手数</name>
                    <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,handled]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <history>365d</history>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <uuid>312f645d33f04d21bc352c82f1464d10</uuid>
                    <name>Nginx 读取到客户端的Header信息数</name>
                    <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,reading]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <history>365d</history>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <uuid>3dd483cc59334083a27a9856822fa9e4</uuid>
                    <name>Nginx 总共处理的请求数</name>
                    <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,requests]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <history>365d</history>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <uuid>d17021ad3dd14026802671a3b4c50ecf</uuid>
                    <name>Nginx 等待下一次请求指令的驻留连接数</name>
                    <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,waiting]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <history>365d</history>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <uuid>584af0be2fc9416f9d9c6d7f672ac812</uuid>
                    <name>Nginx 返回给客户端的Header信息数</name>
                    <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,writing]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <history>365d</history>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <uuid>f1bbdc1575084411b7428469c2f7aa28</uuid>
                    <name>Nginx 状态码</name>
                    <key>nginx_status[status]</key>
                    <delay>5s</delay>
                    <history>365d</history>
                    <tags>
                        <tag>
                            <tag>Application</tag>
                            <value>nginx</value>
                        </tag>
                    </tags>
                    <triggers>
                        <trigger>
                            <uuid>a49e0fd42194420cae32e42500b01d4f</uuid>
                            <expression>last(/Nginx_Monitor.xml/nginx_status[status])<>1</expression>
                            <name>Nginx_status</name>
                            <priority>HIGH</priority>
                        </trigger>
                    </triggers>
                </item>
            </items>
        </template>
    </templates>
    <graphs>
        <graph>
            <uuid>eca8fa7bb7f24791b353d0542c5115d2</uuid>
            <name>Nginx_client_status</name>
            <graph_items>
                <graph_item>
                    <color>003300</color>
                    <item>
                        <host>Nginx_Monitor.xml</host>
                        <key>nginx_status["nginx_status",80,"active"]</key>
                    </item>
                </graph_item>
                <graph_item>
                    <sortorder>1</sortorder>
                    <color>2774A4</color>
                    <item>
                        <host>Nginx_Monitor.xml</host>
                        <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,reading]</key>
                    </item>
                </graph_item>
                <graph_item>
                    <sortorder>2</sortorder>
                    <color>EE0000</color>
                    <item>
                        <host>Nginx_Monitor.xml</host>
                        <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,waiting]</key>
                    </item>
                </graph_item>
                <graph_item>
                    <sortorder>3</sortorder>
                    <color>AA00AA</color>
                    <item>
                        <host>Nginx_Monitor.xml</host>
                        <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,writing]</key>
                    </item>
                </graph_item>
            </graph_items>
        </graph>
        <graph>
            <uuid>64d9a31301d5404bb9bac82b63fa8047</uuid>
            <name>Nginx_socket_status</name>
            <graph_items>
                <graph_item>
                    <color>1A7C11</color>
                    <item>
                        <host>Nginx_Monitor.xml</host>
                        <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,accepts]</key>
                    </item>
                </graph_item>
                <graph_item>
                    <sortorder>1</sortorder>
                    <color>F63100</color>
                    <item>
                        <host>Nginx_Monitor.xml</host>
                        <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,handled]</key>
                    </item>
                </graph_item>
                <graph_item>
                    <sortorder>2</sortorder>
                    <color>2774A4</color>
                    <item>
                        <host>Nginx_Monitor.xml</host>
                        <key>nginx_status[nginx_status,80,requests]</key>
                    </item>
                </graph_item>
            </graph_items>
        </graph>
    </graphs>
</zabbix_export>

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