NVIDIA驱动基于Linux不同版本的编译安装

1.获取NVIDIA驱动

驱动网址：https://www.nvidia.cn/drivers/lookup/

2.获取内核源码：

sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)  # 安装与当前内核匹配的头文件

sudo apt install build-essential gcc make  # 包括gcc、make等基础工具

# 可选
sudo apt install dkms  # 用于内核更新后自动重编译驱动

3.禁用nouveau模块

echo "blacklist nouveau" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf
echo "options nouveau modeset=0" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf
sudo update-initramfs -u # 更新系统镜像
sudo reboot  # 重启生效

4.编译驱动

sudo mkdir -p /usr/proc
cat /proc/version | sudo tee /usr/proc/version >/dev/null

sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-*.run \
  --add-this-kernel \
  --kernel-source-path=/usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r) \ # 指定内核头文件源码路径
  --proc-mount-point=/usr/proc/version \ # 指定内核版本，若不指定则默认使用当前内核
  --disable-nouveau \ # 自动禁用原生驱动nouveau模块，若手动禁用则不需要
  --dkms # 启用DKMS支持，支持在（可选）内核更新后自动重编译驱动

5.验证驱动

nvidia-smi

# 输出如下
(base) root@xt:/home/xt/Installer_Packages# nvidia-smi 
Fri Jun 20 15:32:57 2025       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.142                Driver Version: 550.142        CUDA Version: 12.4     |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA RTX A5000               Off |   00000000:01:00.0 Off |                  Off |
| 30%   58C    P0             N/A /  230W |       1MiB /  24564MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

(base) root@xt:/home/xt/Installer_Packages# lsmod | grep nvidia
nvidia_uvm           4673536  0
nvidia_drm             98304  0
nvidia_modeset       1343488  1 nvidia_drm
nvidia              54304768  2 nvidia_uvm,nvidia_modeset
drm_kms_helper        315392  1 nvidia_drm
drm                   622592  4 drm_kms_helper,nvidia,nvidia_drm

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