本文全面介绍了IP网络的基础理论及关键技术，包括OSI模型、路由协议、以太网交换、TCP/IP协议等，并深入探讨了IP路由协议如OSPF、BGP等的设计与操作原理，同时覆盖了VPN技术、安全冗余技术、QoS基础等内容。
| 1、基本IP网络理论 |
| A. OSI模型 |
| B. 路由协议概念 (Split horizon, Link state, difference between switching and routing, Summarization, |
| 距离矢量 vs. 链路状态, loops, Tunneling) |
| C. Standards (802.x, cable specs, protocol limitations) |
| D. 协议机制 (Windowing/ACK, fragmentation, MTU, handshaking, termination) |
| 2、以太网交换基础 |
| A. Data Link Layer (addressing, 802.2) |
| B. Ethernet/FE/GE (encapsulation, CSMA/CD, topology, speed, controller errors, limitations) |
| C. 以太网交换 (Trunking, VTP, DISL, VLANS, Fast Ether Channel (FEC), CDP, CGMP) |
| D. 安全(VACL, RACL, Private VLANS) |
| E. STP生成树协议 |
| 3、TCP/IP协议 |
| A. IP地址 (CIDR, subnetting, ARP, NAT, HSRP) |
| B. 一些IP网络服务 (DNS, BOOTP, DHCP, ICMP) |
| C. 应用协议 (telnet, FTP, TFTP) |
| D. TCP/UDP (IP fragmentation, sockets, ports) |
| E. 访问控制列表ACLs |
| F. IPv6基础 |
| 4、IP路由协议 |
| A. OSPF (I -Design: areas, Virtual links, stub, NSSA, ABR/ASBR redistributions, media dependencies, |
| external vs. internal, Summarization. |
| II - Operation: DR, BDR, adjacencies, LSA types, link state database, SPF algorithm, authentication) |
| B. BGP( I -Design: Peer Groups, Route Reflectors, Confederations, Clusters, Attributes, AS. |
| II - Operation: Route Maps, Filters, Neighbors, decision algorithm, IBGP, EBGP) |
| C. EIGRP (Metrics, mechanics, & design) |
| D. IS-IS (Metrics, mechanics, & design) |
| E. ACLs (distribute lists, route maps, policy routing, redistribution, route tagging) |
| F IGRP |
| G. RIP |
| H. RIPv2 |
| 5、VPN技术 |
| GRE、MPLS L2VPN/L3VPN、IPSEC、L2TP |
| 6、安全冗余技术 |
| PAGP/LACP、STP、HSRP/VRRP、快速收敛、NSF |
| 7、QoS基础 |
| IP优先级、TOS |
| 8、WAN广域网 |
| 9、IP组播 |
| A. 编址、IGMP/CGMP (IGMPv1, IGMPv2, Designated Querier)、PIM SM/DM、模式 |
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