在WinPcap库中，你需要先安装它并在C++项目中链接，以便能够处理
网络包。创建UDP完整报文并附带以太网帧头涉及到底层
网络编程，这里提供一个简化版的C++示例，展示了如何完成这个任务：
```cpp
#include <pcap.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
// Ethernet
header structure
struct Eth
Header {
uint8_t dest[6]; // Destination MAC address
uint8_t src[6]; // Source MAC address
uint16_t type; // EtherType (usually UDP)
};
// IP
header structure
struct Ip
Header {
uint8_t ver_ihl; //
Version and Internet
Header Length
uint16_t tos; // Type of Service
uint16_t total_len; // Total length in bytes
uint16_t id; // Identification number
uint16_t frag_off; // Fragment offset
uint8_t ttl; // Time to live
uint8_t proto; //
Protocol (17 for UDP)
uint16_t check; // Checksum
struct In_addr saddr; // Source IP address
struct In_addr daddr; // Destination IP address
};
// UDP
header structure
struct Udp
Header {
uint16_t source_port; // Source port number
uint16_t destination_port; // Destination port number
uint16_t len; // Data length in bytes
uint16_t checksum; // UDP checksum
};
int main() {
char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
pcap_if_t* devices;
pcap_t* handle;
bpf_u_int32 filter = 0;
struct Eth
Header eth;
struct Ip
Header ip;
struct Udp
Header udp;
// Get the list of network interfaces
if ((devices = pcap_findalldevs(&errbuf)) == NULL) {
printf("Error opening device: %s\n", errbuf);
return -1;
}
// Select a network interface for capture
char nic_name[PCAP_IF_MAXNAMELEN];
pcap_if_t* selected_device = devices;
while (selected_device != NULL) {
strncpy(nic_name, selected_device->name, PCAP_IF_MAXNAMELEN - 1);
nic_name[PCAP_IF_MAXNAMELEN - 1] = '\0';
if (nic_name[0] != '\0') { // Replace with your desired interface name
break;
}
selected_device = selected_device->next;
}
if (selected_device == NULL) {
printf("
No network interface found.\n");
free(devices);
return -1;
}
// Open a handle to the device
if ((handle = pcap_open_live(nic_name, BUFSIZ, 1, 1000, errbuf)) == NULL) {
printf("Error opening device: %s\n", errbuf);
free(devices);
return -1;
}
// Set up Ethernet frame
memset(ð, 0, sizeof(eth));
memcpy(eth.dest, "YourDestinationMAC", 6); // Replace with destination MAC
memcpy(eth.src, "YourSourceMAC", 6); // Replace with source MAC
// Set up IP packet
memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
ip.ver_ihl = 4 << 4 | 5; // IPv4,
no fragmentation
ip.total_len = htons(sizeof(struct Eth
Header) + sizeof(struct Ip
Header) + sizeof(struct Udp
Header) + /*YourDataLength*/);
ip.tos = 0; // Set as needed
ip.id = htons(time(NULL)); // Random identifier
ip.proto = IPPROTO_UDP; // UDP
protocol
ip.check = 0; // Calculate and set later when we have the full packet
// Set up UDP packet
memset(&udp, 0, sizeof(udp));
udp.source_port = htons(/*YourSourcePort*/);
udp.destination_port = htons(/*YourDestinationPort*/);
udp.len = htons(sizeof(struct Eth
Header) + sizeof(struct Ip
Header) + sizeof(struct Udp
Header));
// Create a packet payload (replace this with your actual data)
char data[] = "YourData"; // Replace with your string or binary data
// Build the complete packet by concatenating
headers and data
unsigned char packet[ETH_
HEADER_LEN + IP_
HEADER_LEN + UDP_
HEADER_LEN + strlen(data)];
memcpy(packet, ð, ETH_
HEADER_LEN);
memcpy(packet + ETH_
HEADER_LEN, &ip, IP_
HEADER_LEN);
memcpy(packet + ETH_
HEADER_LEN + IP_
HEADER_LEN, &udp, UDP_
HEADER_LEN);
memcpy(packet + ETH_
HEADER_LEN + IP_
HEADER_LEN + UDP_
HEADER_LEN, data, strlen(data));
// Calculate IP checksum if
not already done
ip.check = in_cksum((uint16_t*)&ip, sizeof(ip));
// Send the packet
if (pcap_sendpacket(handle, packet, ETH_
HEADER_LEN + IP_
HEADER_LEN + UDP_
HEADER_LEN + strlen(data)) < 0) {
printf("Error sending packet: %s\n", pcap_geterr(handle));
}
// Close the handle
pcap_close(handle);
free(devices);
return 0;
}
```
请注意，这只是一个基本示例，并未涵盖错误处理和完整的IP/UDP checksum计算。实际应用中需要考虑更多的边界条件和错误处理。此外，这个例子假设你的目标设备在同一局域网内，如果跨路由器传输，还需要设置相应的路由规则。
本文介绍了编程中遇到的'Thrift protocol.exc.TProtocolException: No protocol version header'异常的原因及解决方法，包括检查协议版本、更新Thrift库、检查网络连接和代码逻辑。
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