【Linux命令】dmidecode命令详解

【Linux命令】dmidecode命令详解
dmidecode命令主要是通过DMI获取主机的硬件信息，通常是在不打开计算机机箱的情况下使用该命令来查找硬件详细信息。其输出的信息包括BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等。

什么是DMI？DMI (Desktop Management Interface, DMI)的主要组成部分是Management InformationFormat (MIF)数据库，这个数据库包括了所有有关电脑系统和配件的信息。

1.常用用法如下（需要root权限）：

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[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode # 打印所有硬件信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -q # 打印所有硬件信息，比较简洁
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -h # 获取帮助
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode | grep ‘Product Name’ # 以过滤的方式来查看指定的硬件信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode --type bios # 查看BIOS相关的硬件信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode --type system # 查看系统相关的硬件信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode --type baseboard # 查看主板相关的硬件信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode --type chassis # 查看机箱相关的硬件信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode --type processor # 查看处理器相关的硬件信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode --type memory # 查看内存相关的硬件信息
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2.查看具体细项信息（以system为例，需root用户）

[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t 1 #查看system基本信息，-t等价于–type
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t 15 #查看system Event信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t 23 #查看system Reset信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t 32 #查看system Boot信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t 1,15,23,32 #查看system所有信息,等价于dmidecode -t system
dmidecode支持的数字参数如下：
Type Information
--------------------------------------------
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Baseboard
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply
40 Additional Information
41 Onboard Devices Extended Information
42 Management Controller Host Interface

要获得处理器方面的信息，示例如下：

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[root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -t 4

dmidecode 2.12-dmifs

SMBIOS 3.0 present.

SMBIOS implementations newer than version 2.8 are not

fully supported by this version of dmidecode.

Handle 0x006C, DMI type 4, 48 bytes #此处DMI type 4为查询所需的type数字参数
Processor Information
Socket Designation: SOCKET 0
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: F1 06 04 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 79, Stepping 1
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2620 v4 @ 2.10GHz
Voltage: 1.8 V
External Clock: 100 MHz
Max Speed: 4000 MHz
Current Speed: 2100 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: Socket LGA2011-3
L1 Cache Handle: 0x0069
L2 Cache Handle: 0x006A
L3 Cache Handle: 0x006B
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Core Count: 8
Core Enabled: 8
Thread Count: 16
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Multi-Core
Hardware Thread
Execute Protection
Enhanced Virtualization
Power/Performance Control

Handle 0x0070, DMI type 4, 48 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: SOCKET 1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: F1 06 04 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 79, Stepping 1
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2620 v4 @ 2.10GHz
Voltage: 1.8 V
External Clock: 100 MHz
Max Speed: 4000 MHz
Current Speed: 2100 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: Socket LGA2011-3
L1 Cache Handle: 0x006D
L2 Cache Handle: 0x006E
L3 Cache Handle: 0x006F
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Core Count: 8
Core Enabled: 8
Thread Count: 16
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Multi-Core
Hardware Thread
Execute Protection
Enhanced Virtualization
Power/Performance Control
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打印所以硬件信息（简洁）示例如下:

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[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -q
//BIOS相关的硬件信息
BIOS Information
Vendor: Bochs
Version: Bochs
Release Date: 01/01/2011
Address: 0xE8000
Runtime Size: 96 kB
ROM Size: 64 kB
Characteristics:
BIOS characteristics not supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
BIOS Revision: 1.0

//系统相关的硬件信息
System Information
Manufacturer: Bochs # 厂商
Product Name: Bochs # 服务器型号
Version: Not Specified # 版本号
Serial Number: 641ab5b5-f6c0-431f-864c-4e750d27de04 # 主板序列号
UUID: 641AB5B5-F6C0-431F-864C-4E750D27DE04 # UUID
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: Not Specified
Family: Not Specified

//机箱相关的硬件信息
Chassis Information
Manufacturer: Bochs
Type: Other
Lock: Not Present
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Boot-up State: Safe
Power Supply State: Safe
Thermal State: Safe
Security Status: Unknown
OEM Information: 0x00000000
Height: Unspecified
Number Of Power Cords: Unspecified

//处理器相关的硬件信息
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU 1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Other
Manufacturer: Bochs
ID: F1 06 04 00 FF FB 8B 1F
Version: Not Specified
Voltage: Unknown
External Clock: Unknown
Max Speed: 2000 MHz
Current Speed: 2000 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: Other

//物理内存阵列
Physical Memory Array
Location: Other
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
Maximum Capacity: 2 GB
Number Of Devices: 1

//内存设备
Memory Device
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 2048 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM 0
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: RAM
Type Detail: None

//内存阵列映射地址
Memory Array Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
Range Size: 2 GB
Partition Width: 1

//内存设备映射地址
Memory Device Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
Range Size: 2 GB
Partition Row Position: 1

//系统引导
System Boot Information
Status: No errors detected