QML动画

一.NumberAnimation
导入声明:import QtQuick 2.2
继承:PropertyAnimation
NumberAnimation是专门定义动画时应用数值变化。
属性:
from:real
to:real
关于from和to说明,看下面的例子说明;
importQtQuick2.0
Image{
source:"image/1.jpg"
width:1000
height:600
Image{
x:40;y:80
source:"image/1.jpg"
NumberAnimationony{
from:300
to:500
}
}
}
这个例子中,我们可以看到里面的图片会按照y的方向从300这个地方运动到500 的地方,速度很快,一下就掉下去了。从中就不难猜出from和to的作用了吧!如果不知名from,就默认是从当前地方到500处。

二.PropertyAnimation
    导入声明:import QtQuick 2.2
    继承:Animation
PropertyAnimation提供了一种动画改变属性的值。它可以用来定义动画以多种方式:
属性:
duration : int   
这个属性是动画的持续时间,以毫秒为单位。
默认值是250。
easing  
指定了缓和曲线用于动画
指定一个宽松曲线至少需要指定类型。还可以指定一些曲线振幅,段和/或过度(表)后提供更多的细节。默认的缓和曲线是Easing.Linear。
easing.type : enumeration   用于指定一种类型参考最后

easing.amplitude : real
easing.overshoot : real
easing.period : real
easing.bezierCurve : list<real>
exclude : list<Object>    
这个属性保持item不受这个动画的影响。
from : variant   保存动画的开始值
properties : string  这些属性确定设置那些属性有动画,
单数和复数形式在功能上是相同的,property单数,properties复数,单个属性用单数,
单数形式
复数形式
property : string
target : Object  目标
targets : list<Object>
to : variant
easing.type的值如下:    
Easing.Linear Easing curve for a linear (t) function: velocity is constant.
缓和曲线线性(t)功能:速度是恒定的。
Easing.InQuad Easing curve for a quadratic (t^2) function: accelerating from zero velocity.
缓和曲线二次(t ^ 2)功能:加速从0速度。
Easing.OutQuad Easing curve for a quadratic (t^2) function: decelerating to zero velocity.
缓和曲线二次(t ^ 2)功能:减速为零速度。
Easing.InOutQuad Easing curve for a quadratic (t^2) function: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
缓和曲线二次(t ^ 2)功能:加速到一半,然后减速。
Easing.OutInQuad Easing curve for a quadratic (t^2) function: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
缓和曲线二次(t ^ 2)功能:减速直到一半,然后加速度。
Easing.InCubic Easing curve for a cubic (t^3) function: accelerating from zero velocity.
缓和曲线一立方(t ^ 3)功能:加速从0速度。
Easing.OutCubic Easing curve for a cubic (t^3) function: decelerating from zero velocity.
缓和曲线一立方(t ^ 3)功能:减速从零速度。
Easing.InOutCubic Easing curve for a cubic (t^3) function: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
缓和曲线一立方(t ^ 3)功能:加速到一半,然后减速。
Easing.OutInCubic Easing curve for a cubic (t^3) function: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
缓和曲线一立方(t ^ 3)功能:减速直到一半,然后加速度。
Easing.InQuart Easing curve for a quartic (t^4) function: accelerating from zero velocity.
缓和曲线的四次(t ^ 4)功能:加速从0速度。
Easing.OutQuart Easing curve for a quartic (t^4) function: decelerating from zero velocity.
缓和曲线的四次(t ^ 4)功能:减速从零速度。
Easing.InOutQuart Easing curve for a quartic (t^4) function: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
缓和曲线的四次(t ^ 4)功能:加速到一半,然后减速。
Easing.OutInQuart Easing curve for a quartic (t^4) function: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
缓和曲线的四次(t ^ 4)功能:减速直到一半,然后加速度。
Easing.InQuint Easing curve for a quintic (t^5) function: accelerating from zero velocity.
缓和曲线的五次(t ^ 5)功能:加速从0速度。
Easing.OutQuint Easing curve for a quintic (t^5) function: decelerating from zero velocity.
缓和曲线的五次(t ^ 5)功能:减速从零速度。
Easing.InOutQuint Easing curve for a quintic (t^5) function: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
缓和曲线的五次(t ^ 5)功能:加速到一半,然后减速。
Easing.OutInQuint Easing curve for a quintic (t^5) function: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
缓和曲线的五次(t ^ 5)功能:减速直到一半,然后加速度。
Easing.InSine Easing curve for a sinusoidal (sin(t)) function: accelerating from zero velocity.
宽松为正弦曲线(sin(t))功能:加速从0速度。
Easing.OutSine Easing curve for a sinusoidal (sin(t)) function: decelerating from zero velocity.
宽松为正弦曲线(sin(t))功能:减速从零速度。
Easing.InOutSine Easing curve for a sinusoidal (sin(t)) function: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
宽松为正弦曲线(sin(t))功能:加速到一半,然后减速。
Easing.OutInSine Easing curve for a sinusoidal (sin(t)) function: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
宽松为正弦曲线(sin(t))功能:减速直到一半,然后加速度。
Easing.InExpo Easing curve for an exponential (2^t) function: accelerating from zero velocity.
缓和曲线的指数(2 ^ t)功能:加速从0速度。
Easing.OutExpo Easing curve for an exponential (2^t) function: decelerating from zero velocity.
缓和曲线的指数(2 ^ t)功能:减速从零速度。
Easing.InOutExpo Easing curve for an exponential (2^t) function: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
缓和曲线的指数(2 ^ t)功能:加速到一半,然后减速。
Easing.OutInExpo Easing curve for an exponential (2^t) function: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
缓和曲线的指数(2 ^ t)功能:减速直到一半,然后加速度。
Easing.InCirc Easing curve for a circular (sqrt(1-t^2)) function: accelerating from zero velocity.
Easing.OutCirc Easing curve for a circular (sqrt(1-t^2)) function: decelerating from zero velocity.
Easing.InOutCirc Easing curve for a circular (sqrt(1-t^2)) function: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
Easing.OutInCirc Easing curve for a circular (sqrt(1-t^2)) function: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
Easing.InElastic Easing curve for an elastic (exponentially decaying sine wave) function: accelerating from zero velocity. 
The peak amplitude can be set with the amplitude parameter, and the period of decay by the period parameter.
Easing.OutElastic Easing curve for an elastic (exponentially decaying sine wave) function: decelerating from zero velocity. 
The peak amplitude can be set with the amplitude parameter, and the period of decay by the period parameter.
Easing.InOutElastic Easing curve for an elastic (exponentially decaying sine wave) function: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
Easing.OutInElastic Easing curve for an elastic (exponentially decaying sine wave) function: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
Easing.InBack Easing curve for a back (overshooting cubic function: (s+1)*t^3 - s*t^2) easing in: accelerating from zero velocity.
Easing.OutBack Easing curve for a back (overshooting cubic function: (s+1)*t^3 - s*t^2) easing out: decelerating to zero velocity.
Easing.InOutBack Easing curve for a back (overshooting cubic function: (s+1)*t^3 - s*t^2) easing in/out: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
Easing.OutInBack Easing curve for a back (overshooting cubic easing: (s+1)*t^3 - s*t^2) easing out/in: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
Easing.InBounce Easing curve for a bounce (exponentially decaying parabolic bounce) function: accelerating from zero velocity.
Easing.OutBounce Easing curve for a bounce (exponentially decaying parabolic bounce) function: decelerating from zero velocity.
Easing.InOutBounce Easing curve for a bounce (exponentially decaying parabolic bounce) function easing in/out: acceleration until halfway, then deceleration.
Easing.OutInBounce Easing curve for a bounce (exponentially decaying parabolic bounce) function easing out/in: deceleration until halfway, then acceleration.
Easing.Bezier Custom easing curve defined by the easing.bezierCurve property.  

三.Animation
导入声明:import QtQuick 2.2
属性:
alwaysRunToEnd : bool  这个属性包含动画是否应该运行完成时停止。
loops : int     动画运行的次数  当为Animation.Infinite,一直运行
paused : bool     这个属性包含动画是否目前暂停。
running : bool    这个属性保存当前动画是否运行

信号:
onStarted()    信号被唤起动画就开始
onStopped()  信号被唤起动画就结束

方法:
complete()   结束动画,跳到最后一个属性
pause()    暂停动画
restart()    重启动画
resume()   恢复动画
start()   开始动画
stop()   结束动画


<think>我们正在处理用户关于QML动画实现的问题。根据用户请求,我们需要提供QML动画效果的示例教程。同时,根据系统级指令,我们需要使用正确的LaTeX格式,生成相关问题,并在回答中引用给定的引用内容。用户需求:实现QML动画效果的示例教程。根据引用内容,我们可以总结以下几点:-引用[1]提到QML中实现对象动画的直观性,并给出了一个Rectangle的示例片段(虽然不完整)。-引用[2]提到了QML动画的类型,包括AnchorAnimation、ParentAnimation等。-引用[3]提到了如何取消动画(虽然用户可能暂时不需要,但我们可以忽略)。-引用[4]给出了一个SequentialAnimation的示例,使对象在x轴上循环移动。因此,我们可以设计一个简单的教程,涵盖以下内容:1.基本属性动画:改变矩形的宽度、高度、位置等。2.使用不同类型的动画:比如SequentialAnimation(顺序动画)和ParallelAnimation(并行动画)。3.状态和过渡:通过状态改变触发动画。由于引用中提到了状态和过渡(引用[2]),我们可以结合状态机来展示动画。示例教程结构:1.创建一个矩形,并为其添加颜色属性。2.定义状态:比如“正常”状态和“点击后”状态。3.定义状态改变时的过渡动画。4.使用SequentialAnimation实现连续动画(如引用[4]的示例)。注意:我们应使用中文,并确保LaTeX格式正确(虽然QML代码中可能没有数学表达式,但如果有解释性的数学公式,比如计算动画路径,则使用LaTeX)。下面开始构建回答:</think>### QML 动画实现示例教程 在 QML 中实现动画效果主要涉及三种核心组件:**动画类型**、**状态机**和**过渡控制**。以下是详细实现示例: #### 1. 基础属性动画 ```qml Rectangle { id: rect width: 100; height: 100 color: "blue" // 点击触发平移动画 MouseArea { anchors.fill: parent onClicked: anim.start() } // 定义x轴移动动画 NumberAnimation on x { id: anim to: 300 duration: 1000 easing.type: Easing.InOutQuad // 平滑缓动曲线[^4] } } ``` > **效果**:点击蓝色方块时,在1秒内平滑移动到x=300位置 #### 2. 状态驱动动画 ```qml Rectangle { id: container width: 300; height: 200 Rectangle { id: box width: 50; height: 50 color: state == "active" ? "red" : "green" // 定义两种状态[^2] states: [ State { name: "active"; PropertyChanges { target: box; x: 250 } }, State { name: "inactive"; PropertyChanges { target: box; x: 0 } } ] // 状态过渡动画[^1] transitions: [ Transition { from: "*"; to: "active" ParallelAnimation { NumberAnimation { properties: "x"; duration: 800 } ColorAnimation { duration: 400 } // 颜色渐变 } } ] } // 状态切换按钮 Button { text: "切换状态" onClicked: box.state = (box.state == "active" ? "inactive" : "active") } } ``` > **效果**:点击按钮切换状态时,方块同时执行平移和颜色渐变动画 #### 3. 复合动画序列 ```qml Rectangle { id: rocket width: 50; height: 50 color: "orange" radius: 25 SequentialAnimation on y { id: launchSequence running: false loops: Animation.Infinite // 无限循环[^4] // 第一阶段:加速上升 NumberAnimation { to: -200 duration: 1000 easing.type: Easing.OutQuad } // 第二阶段:抛物线下降 ParallelAnimation { NumberAnimation { properties: "y" to: 0 duration: 1500 } RotationAnimation { target: rocket to: 360 duration: 1500 } } } // 启动动画 Component.onCompleted: launchSequence.start() } ``` > **效果**:圆形物体先加速上升,后旋转下落形成抛物线轨迹 #### 关键概念说明: 1. **动画类型**: - `NumberAnimation`:数值属性变化(位置/大小/透明度等) - `ColorAnimation`:颜色渐变 - `RotationAnimation`:旋转动画 - `SequentialAnimation`:顺序执行动画序列[^4] - `ParallelAnimation`:并行执行动画[^2] 2. **缓动曲线**: 通过`easing.type`控制动画加速度,如: - `Easing.Linear`:匀速 - `Easing.InOutBack`:弹性效果 - `Easing.InSine`:缓入加速 3. **动画控制**: ```qml // 手动控制动画 PropertyAnimation { id: customAnim //... } Button { text: "启动" onClicked: customAnim.start() } Button { text: "停止" onClicked: customAnim.stop() // 或 customAnim.pause() } ``` > **调试提示**:在动画运行时修改属性值可能导致冲突,建议使用`Behavior`封装属性或通过状态机管理[^1]。
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