字符贪吃蛇试水

Cynosure0816

于 2017-12-28 20:06:19 发布

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Cynosure0816/article/details/78925814

本文介绍了一个基于字符界面的贪吃蛇游戏实现方法，包括游戏框架设计、关键技术和代码示例。文中详细讲解了如何在Windows和Linux环境下进行清屏、光标定位及非阻塞性键盘输入检测。

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字符贪吃蛇

贪吃蛇是一个简单的游戏
就先写一个试试水吧

大体构思

在写程序之前，先要想一下程序的大体构造
我的思路是有以下功能

开始界面

选择难度

游戏主体

    初始化地图

    读入处理

    移动

游戏结束画面

这样子就可以围绕此框架来设计程序了

程序完善

基本上就是按部就班的写了
但是还是有一些重点问题需要提一下

1.清屏

如何使每一次输出画面后清屏再输出下一个画面呢？
我们可以调用 windows.h 中的 system(“cls”)
如下

#include<windows.h>

system("cls");

而在Linux下就简单许多
直接

printf("\033[2J");

2. 光标定位

当使用了清屏后
你会发现游戏过程屏幕一直在闪
这是因为你没有让光标定位
这里给上光标定位的代码
windows下
同样在windows.h中

CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_info = {1,0};

SetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),&cursor_info);

Linux 下

printf("\033[%d;%dH", (1), (0));

3.非阻塞检测键盘输入

这是流畅的玩游戏的关键
在windows中比较简单
使用 conio.h 的kbhit() 和 getch() 就行

include<conio.h>

kbhit();

getch();

而 Linux 下，要实现 kbhit()
就要加入以下代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>

static struct termios ori_attr, cur_attr;

static __inline 
int tty_reset(void)
{
        if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ori_attr) != 0)
                return -1;

        return 0;
}


static __inline
int tty_set(void)
{

        if ( tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &ori_attr) )
                return -1;

        memcpy(&cur_attr, &ori_attr, sizeof(cur_attr) );
        cur_attr.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
//        cur_attr.c_lflag |= ECHO;
        cur_attr.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
        cur_attr.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
        cur_attr.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;

        if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &cur_attr) != 0)
                return -1;

        return 0;
}

static __inline
int kbhit(void) 
{

        fd_set rfds;
        struct timeval tv;
        int retval;

        /* Watch stdin (fd 0) to see when it has input. */
        FD_ZERO(&rfds);
        FD_SET(0, &rfds);
        /* Wait up to five seconds. */
        tv.tv_sec  = 0;
        tv.tv_usec = 0;

        retval = select(1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
        /* Don't rely on the value of tv now! */

        if (retval == -1) {
                perror("select()");
                return 0;
        } else if (retval)
                return 1;
        /* FD_ISSET(0, &rfds) will be true. */
        else
                return 0;
        return 0;
}


int main()
{
        //设置终端进入非缓冲状态
        int tty_set_flag;
        tty_set_flag = tty_set();



        //恢复终端设置
        if(tty_set_flag == 0) 
                tty_reset();
        return 0;
}

4.游戏核心代码思路

这里应该是最重要的地方了
详细说一下

肯定是要写个框架先

初始化地图

WHILE 没死 DO
    停顿至 设定时间或键盘输入
    IF 键盘输入 
        方向=输入
    END IF
    CASE 方向
        w 向上移动
        s 向下移动
        d 向右移动
        a 向左移动
    END CASE
    IF 死亡 BREAK
END WHILE

这就是大概框架了
之后的任务就好办了

成品

下面就贴出我的贪吃蛇的代码

/*
--------------------------------------------------------------- 

    snake.cpp

    sanke

    Created by Cynosure_ on 2017-12-20

---------------------------------------------------------------

    思路：
    将当前地图情况存在数组中
    记录蛇头、蛇尾坐标
    以及蛇身每一块的下一块（更趋于头的一块）的坐标用以更新蛇尾
    每次动作更新蛇头与蛇尾即可 

--------------------------------------------------------------- 
*/
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>  
#include <windows.h>  
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

#define snake_head 'H'
#define snake_body 'X'
#define blank_cell ' '
#define snake_food '$'
#define wall_cell '*'


int end_game=0; // 判断游戏是否结束的bool值 

int speed,start,if_hit;

char ch; // 存储输入 

char direction,if_start_game;

char map1[15][20]= 
{
    "******************",
    "*XXXXH           *",
    "*                *",  //初始地图 
    "*                *",  //打表初始化 
    "*                *",
    "*                *",
    "*                *",
    "*                *",
    "*                *",
    "*                *",
    "*                *",
    "*                *",
    "*                *",
    "*                *",
    "******************",
}; 

char map[15][20];

int headx=1,heady=5,tailx=1,taily=1;

int nextx1[15][20]={
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  //记录每一个节点的下一个节点的x坐标 
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
};

int nexty1[15][20]=
{
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,2,3,4,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  //记录每一个节点的下一个节点的y坐标 
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
};
int nextx[15][20],nexty[15][20];

void print_map(){   // 从 map[][] 中打印当前地图 

    for (int i=0;i<15;i++){

        for (int j=0;j<20;j++){

            printf("%c",map[i][j]);

        }

        printf("\n");

    }

} 

void put_food(){    //  随机加入食物 

    srand(time(0)); //  初始化伪随机

    int x,y;

    while (1) { //  一直循环随机出可行坐标 

        x=rand() % 15;y=rand() % 20;    //  随机一个坐标 

        if (map[x][y]==blank_cell) {    //  若此坐标为空白格 

            map[x][y]=snake_food;   //  改为食物 

            return;     //  跳出 

        }  

    } 

}

void move(int xx,int yy){ //    移动  （蛇头x坐标+xx，y坐标+yy）

    int if_eat=0;   //  记录是否吃到食物的 bool 

    int x,y;

    if (map[headx+xx][heady+yy]==snake_food) {  //  判断 判断蛇头移动至的位置是否食物 

        if_eat=1;   //  若是更新状态 

    }

    if (!if_eat) {  //  若没有吃到食物则蛇尾向前缩一格 

        map[tailx][taily]=blank_cell;   //  将蛇尾变为空白格 

        x=nextx[tailx][taily];y=nexty[tailx][taily];    //   用 x、y 暂存新的蛇尾（蛇尾坐标下一个的节点坐标） 

        tailx=x;taily=y;    //  更新蛇尾坐标 

    } 

    if (map[headx+xx][heady+yy]==wall_cell||map[headx+xx][heady+yy]==snake_body) {  // 判断蛇头移动至的位置是否墙或蛇身 

        end_game=1; //  若是墙或蛇身则游戏结束 

        return; //  跳出 

    }

    x=headx+xx;y=heady+yy;  //  //   用 x、y 暂存新的蛇头（蛇蛇头x坐标+xx，y坐标+yy） 

    nextx[headx][heady]=x;nexty[headx][heady]=y;    //  设置旧蛇头的的下一个节点 

    map[x][y]=snake_head;   //  旧蛇头位置变为蛇身 

    map[headx][heady]=snake_body;   //  新蛇头位置变成蛇头 

    headx=x;heady=y;    //  更新蛇头坐标 

    if (if_eat) {   //  如果吃过食物则生成新的食物 

        put_food(); 

    }

}

void reset_map(){

    memcpy(map,map1,sizeof(map1));

    memcpy(nextx,nextx1,sizeof(nextx1));

    memcpy(nexty,nexty1,sizeof(nexty1));


    headx=1,heady=5,tailx=1,taily=1;

}

int game(){

    system("cls");

    reset_map();

    put_food(); //  生成一开始的食物 

    print_map();    //  输出初始地图 

    direction='d';

    end_game=0;

    while (!end_game) { //  一直循环至游戏结束 

        start=clock();

        ch=direction;

        if_hit=1;

        while ((if_hit=(clock()-start<=speed))&&!kbhit());

        if (if_hit) {

            ch=getch(); 

            direction=ch;

        }

        switch (ch){  

            case 'a' :

                move(0,-1); //向左前进一步 

                break;

            case 'd':

                move(0,1); // 向右前进一步 

                break;

            case 'w':

                move(-1,0); // 向上前进一步 

                break;

            case 's':

                move(1,0); // 向后前进一步 

                break;

        }

        system("cls");

        print_map();//输出此时地图 

    } 

}

void choose_hard(){

    system("cls");

    cout << "\n\n\n\t\t<1> 难度1";

    cout << "\n\n\t\t<2> 难度2"; 

    cout << "\n\n\t\t<3> 难度3";

    cout << "\n\n\t\t<4> 难度4";

    cout << "\n\n\t\t<5> 难度5";

    cout << "\n\n\t\t<6> 难度6";

    char hard=getch();

    switch (hard) {

        case '1':

            speed=1200;

            break;

        case '2':

            speed=900;

            break;

        case '3':

            speed=600;

            break;

        case '4':

            speed=300;

            break;

        case '5':

            speed=200;

            break;

        case '6':

            speed=50;

            break;

    }

}

int main(){

    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_info = {1,0};

    SetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),&cursor_info);

    cout << "\n\n\n\n\t\t欢迎来到贪吃蛇游戏\n\n\n\n\t\t按任意键继续";

    getch();

    if_start_game='y';

    while (if_start_game=='y') {

        choose_hard();

        game();

        system("cls");

        cout << "\n\n\n\n\t\t哇哦你死了哦\n\n\n\n\t\t是否继续呢(输入'y'继续，输入'n'结束  >"; 

        cin >> if_start_game;

    }  

}

windows下运行哦