Nginx基本使用大全-优快云博客

本文详细介绍了在Mac和CentOS环境下安装Nginx的方法，包括使用brew和yum源进行安装，查找配置文件路径，配置节点文件、反向代理及日志文件，以及启动、卸载Nginx的步骤。同时，还提供了常见问题解决方案，如log_format丢失和权限问题。

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Nginx大全

本文主要记录平时如何使用Nginx和遇到的问题

#1 环境

Mac 
CentOS6.8
Nginx
uwsgi

#2 使用

#2.1 安装

安装分为两种,一种是在Mac,另一种是CentOS

#2.1.1 在Mac下的安装

#2.1.1.1 安装brew

如果已经安装,请调到下一步

安装Command Line tools

xcode-select --install

安装brew命令

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

#2.1.1.2 安装Nginx

brew install nginx

注: Mac Homebrew 下载慢的解决方法如下:

https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Coxhuang/article/details/103739798

#2.1.2 在CentOS下安装

配置yum源

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
# 下面这行centos根据你自己的操作系统修改比如：OS/rehel
# 6是你Linux系统的版本，可以通过URL查看路径是否正确
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

安装nginx

yum -y install nginx

#2.2 查找配置文件路径

#2.2.1 Mac

brew info nginx

Coxs-MacBook-Air:nginx coxhuang$
Coxs-MacBook-Air:nginx coxhuang$ brew info nginx
nginx: stable 1.15.12 (bottled), HEAD
HTTP(S) server and reverse proxy, and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
https://nginx.org/
/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.15.12 (25 files, 2MB) *
  Poured from bottle on 2019-12-27 at 23:50:58
From: /Users/coxhuang/Documents/repository/homebrew-core.git/Formula/nginx.rb
==> Dependencies
Required: openssl ✔, pcre ✔
==> Options
--HEAD
	Install HEAD version
==> Caveats
Docroot is: /usr/local/var/www

The default port has been set in /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf to 8080 so that
nginx can run without sudo.

nginx will load all files in /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/.

To have launchd start nginx now and restart at login:
  brew services start nginx
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  nginx
==> Analytics
install: 36,680 (30 days), 88,942 (90 days), 406,301 (365 days)
install-on-request: 35,302 (30 days), 86,229 (90 days), 386,486 (365 days)
build-error: 0 (30 days)

输出Nginx的基本配置信息,其中/usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf就是Nginx 的配置文件

#2.2.1 CentOS

CentOS下Nginx的配置文件默认在 /etc/nginx/ 目录下 nginx.conf

#2.3 配置节点文件

配置Nginx节点文件,只需要在Nginx的默认配置文件的末尾加上include就可以

include /opt/app/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; # 该路径下的所有以.conf结尾的文件都是节点文件

节点文件简单配置如下:

# Nginx + uwsgi 
server {
        listen 19800;
        server_name localhost; # 如果服务器已经被域名解析,必须填域名

        access_log  /Users/coxhuang/Documents/django_code/blog_code/logs/nginx/access.log  main;
        error_log  /Users/coxhuang/Documents/django_code/blog_code/logs/nginx/error.log;

        charset  utf-8;
        gzip on;
        gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/javascript application/x-httpd-php application/json text/json image/jpeg image/gif image/png application/octet-stream;
        error_page  404           /404.html;
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

        # 指定项目路径uwsgi
        location / {
            include uwsgi_params;
            uwsgi_connect_timeout 30;
            uwsgi_pass unix:/Users/coxhuang/Documents/django_code/blog_code/script/app_sh/uwsgi/uwsgi.sock;
        }
    }

#2.4 配置反向代理

# 访问80端口,就相当于于访问8000端口
server {
        listen       80; # nginx开放的端口,随意设置
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://localhost:8000; # 反向代理到的端口
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }

#2.5 配置日志文件

access_log  /Users/coxhuang/Documents/django_code/blog_code/logs/nginx/access.log  main;
error_log  /Users/coxhuang/Documents/django_code/blog_code/logs/nginx/error.log;

注: /Users/coxhuang/Documents/django_code/blog_code/logs/nginx/ 该路径必须已经存在,如果不存在,Nginx不会创建,只会报错

#2.6 启动Nginx

#2.6.1 Mac

 # 开启
sudo nginx

 # 关闭
sudo nginx -s stop

 # 重启
sudo nginx -s reload

#2.6.2 CentOS

# 开始
/etc/init.d/nginx start

# 关闭
/etc/init.d/nginx stop 

# 重启
/etc/init.d/nginx restart

#2.7 卸载Nginx

#2.7.1 Mac

brew uninstall nginx

同时,需要将配置文件删除 /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#3 问题

#3.1 问题一 log_format丢失

问题描述:

nginx: [emerg] unknown log format “main” in xxx

解决 :

将log_format注释打开

http {
    ...

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                     '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                     '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    ...
}

#3.2 问题二权限问题

问题描述:

场景: Nginx调用uwsgi的uwsgi.sock遇到权限问题,不能操作,Nginx的error.log日志报如下错误

2019/12/28 00:16:41 [crit] 91346#0: *35 connect() to unix:/Users/coxhuang/Documents/django_code/blog_code/script/app_sh/uwsgi/uwsgi.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", upstream: "uwsgi://unix:/Users/coxhuang/Documents/django_code/blog_code/script/app_sh/uwsgi/uwsgi.sock:", host: "127.0.0.1:19800", referrer: "http://127.0.0.1:19800/"

解决:

查看Nginx的进程信息

发现nginx进程的用户是nginx,而我们创建的/Users/coxhuang/Documents/django_code/blog_code/script/app_sh/uwsgi/uwsgi.sock文件的用户是root因此，只要把nginx的进程user改为root即可

修改nginx配置

进入配置文件

// Mac
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user  root; # 修改成root用户,其他不变 
worker_processes  1;
...

重启Nginx,发现又出现其他错误

我定义了root用户，那么nginx认为我的组就是root 了，然而事实并不是这样，来看root账户对应的组：

dscacheutil -q group | grep root

从查询结果可以看到root 用户属于 wheel组，那我的写法就不对了，它找不到root组，所以需要改下配置文件：

user  root wheel;
...

wheel 是一个特殊的用户组，该组的用户可以使用 su 切换到 root，而 staff 组是所有普通用户的集合。

也可以将root配置到admin组里面(二选一)

user  root admin;
...