Spring Cloud 组件入门学习---Ribbon

简介

Spring Cloud Ribbon 是Spring Cloud Netflix 子项目的核心组件之一，主要给服务间调用及API网关转发提供负载均衡的功能，负载均衡可以增加系统的可用性和扩展性，当我们使用RestTemplate来调用其他服务时，Ribbon可以很方便的实现负载均衡功能。

项目搭建

项目源码

搭建服务提供模块

1、创建一个user-service，用于给Ribbon提供服务调用。
2、引入依赖

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>        

3、配置

server:
  port: 8201
spring:
  application:
    name: user-service
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/

4、创建服务提供接口

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    private Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @PostMapping("/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user) {
        userService.create(user);
        return new CommonResult("操作成功", 200);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public CommonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        User user = userService.getUser(id);
        LOGGER.info("根据id获取用户信息，用户名称为：{}",user.getUsername());
        return new CommonResult<>(user);
    }

    @GetMapping("/getUserByIds")
    public CommonResult<List<User>> getUserByIds(@RequestParam List<Long> ids) {
        List<User> userList= userService.getUserByIds(ids);
        LOGGER.info("根据ids获取用户信息，用户列表为：{}",userList);
        return new CommonResult<>(userList);
    }

    @GetMapping("/getByUsername")
    public CommonResult<User> getByUsername(@RequestParam String username) {
        User user = userService.getByUsername(username);
        return new CommonResult<>(user);
    }

    @PostMapping("/update")
    public CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user) {
        userService.update(user);
        return new CommonResult("操作成功", 200);
    }

    @PostMapping("/delete/{id}")
    public CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id) {
        userService.delete(id);
        return new CommonResult("操作成功", 200);
    }
}

搭建服务调用模块

同样的步骤
1、引入依赖

	 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2、修改配置

server:
  port: 8301
spring:
  application:
    name: ribbon-service
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9411
  sleuth:
    sampler:
      probability: 0.1 #设置Sleuth的抽样收集概率
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/
service-url:
  user-service: http://user-service

3、服务调用

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserRibbonController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Value("${service-url.user-service}")
    private String userServiceUrl;


    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public CommonResult getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(userServiceUrl + "/user/{1}", CommonResult.class, id);
    }

    @GetMapping("/getByUsername")
    public CommonResult getByUsername(@RequestParam String username) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(userServiceUrl + "/user/getByUsername?username={1}", CommonResult.class, username);
    }

    @GetMapping("/getEntityByUsername")
    public CommonResult getEntityByUsername(@RequestParam String username) {
        ResponseEntity<CommonResult> entity = restTemplate.getForEntity(userServiceUrl + "/user/getByUsername?username={1}", CommonResult.class, username);
        if (entity.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()) {
            return entity.getBody();
        } else {
            return new CommonResult("操作失败", 500);
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(userServiceUrl + "/user/create", user, CommonResult.class);
    }

    @PostMapping("/update")
    public CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(userServiceUrl + "/user/update", user, CommonResult.class);
    }

    @PostMapping("/delete/{id}")
    public CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(userServiceUrl + "/user/delete/{1}", null, CommonResult.class, id);
    }
}

负载均衡功能演示

1、启动eureka-server于8001端口；
2、启动Ribbon-service于8301端口；
3、启动两个user-service，分别用8201和8202端口

4、调用接口进行测试：http://localhost:8301/user/1