[c语言]通讯录进阶版(实现动态内存以及文件操作)

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-05-20 06:56:19 发布 420 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

正文

本文将在上次的基础版本上实现进阶功能
可以实现动态内存分配
可以实现文件操作(保存之后，下次打开程序，上次存储的信息依然在)
包含联系人姓名，性别，年龄，电话，家庭住址等信息
可以实现以下功能
1.添加联系人信息
2.删除指定联系人信息
3.查找指定联系人信息
4.修改指定联系人信息
5.显示所有联系人信息
6.清空所有联系人
7.以名字排序所有联系人
8.清屏
9.完成操作自动保存
10.程序打开开始加载
代码如下：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

typedef struct PersonInfo //创建个人信息结构体
{
	 char name[1024];
	 char sex[1024];
	 char age[1024];
	 char phone[1024];
	 char address[1024];
}PersonInfo;

typedef struct AddrBook  //通讯录
{
	 PersonInfo *person_info;  //通讯录人数数组
	 int size;//实际联系人数量
	 int capacity; //动态数组最大值,最大联系人数量
}AddrBook;

AddrBook g_addr_book;//创建一个通讯录类型的全局变量
void Init()
{
	 int i = 0;
	 g_addr_book.size = 0;
	 //capacity的值
	 g_addr_book.capacity = 2;
	 //分配动态内存(此处malloc不需要free，因为此处的PersonInfo是全局变量，生命周期是整个程序)
	 g_addr_book.person_info = 
	  (PersonInfo *)malloc(sizeof(PersonInfo) * g_addr_book.capacity);
}

//扩容
void CheckRealloc()
{
	 if (g_addr_book.size < g_addr_book.capacity)
	 {
		  //不需要扩容
		  return;
	 }
	 g_addr_book.capacity *= 2;
	 PersonInfo *temp = (PersonInfo *)malloc(sizeof(PersonInfo) * g_addr_book.capacity);
	 for (int i = 0; i < g_addr_book.size; i++)
	 {
	 	 temp[i] = g_addr_book.person_info[i];//把之前的person_info的内容放在temp中
	 }
	 free(g_addr_book.person_info);//释放动态内存分配之前person_info中的内容
	 g_addr_book.person_info = temp;//再把temp中的内容放在新分配内存的person_info中
}

void AddPersonInfo()
{
	 //判断是否扩容
	 CheckRealloc();
	 printf("请输入联系人信息\n");
	 printf("请输入联系人名:\n");
	 scanf("%s", g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size].name);
	 printf("请输入联系人性别:\n");
	 scanf("%s", g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size].sex);
	 printf("请输入联系人年龄:\n");
	 scanf("%s", g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size].age);
	 printf("请输入联系人电话号码:\n");
	 scanf("%s", g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size].phone);
	 printf("请输入联系人地址:\n");
	 scanf("%s", g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size].address);
	 g_addr_book.size++;
	 printf("添加成功\n");
	 return;
}
void DelPersonInfo()
{
	 int num = 0;
	 int count = 0;
	 printf("删除联系人信息\n");
	 printf("请输入要删除人的编号\n");
	 scanf("%d",&num);
	 while (num < 0 || num >= g_addr_book.size)
	 {
		  printf("输入的编号超出范围，请重新输入\n");
		  scanf("%d", &num);
	 }
	 if (num != g_addr_book.size - 1)
	 {
		  strcpy(g_addr_book.person_info[num].name,
		   g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size - 1].name);
		  strcpy(g_addr_book.person_info[num].phone,
		   g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size - 1].sex);
		  strcpy(g_addr_book.person_info[num].sex,
		   g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size - 1].age);
		  strcpy(g_addr_book.person_info[num].age,
		   g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size - 1].phone);
		  strcpy(g_addr_book.person_info[num].address,
		   g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size - 1].address);
	 }
	 g_addr_book.size--;
	 count++;
	 printf("删除成功,共删除了%d条信息\n",count);
	 return;
}
void FindPersonInfo()
{
	 printf("查找联系人:\n");
	 printf("请输入联系人姓名:\n");
	 char name[1024] = {0};
	 int count = 0;
	 scanf("%s",name);
	 for (int i = 0; i < g_addr_book.size; i++)
	 {
		  if (0 == strcmp(name, g_addr_book.person_info[i].name))
		  {
			   printf("找到一条记录，性别为：%s,年龄为：%s,电话号码为：%s,家庭住址为：%s\n",
			    g_addr_book.person_info[i].sex,g_addr_book.person_info[i].age,
			    g_addr_book.person_info[i].phone,g_addr_book.person_info[i].address);
			   count++;
		  }
	 }
	 if (0 == count)
	 {
	 	 printf("未找到相关信息\n");
	 }
	 else
	 {
	 	 printf("查找成功，共查找到%d条记录\n",count);
	 }
}
void ModifyPersonInfo()
{
	 printf("修改联系人信息\n");
	 printf("请输入要修改人的编号:\n");
	 int num = 0;
	 scanf("%d",&num);
	 while (num < 0 || num >= g_addr_book.size)
	 {
		  printf("输入编号超出范围，请重新输入:\n");
		  scanf("%d",&num);
	 }
	 printf("请输入新的联系人姓名:\n");
	 scanf("%s",g_addr_book.person_info[num].name);
	 printf("请输入新的联系人性别:\n");
	 scanf("%s", g_addr_book.person_info[num].sex);
	 printf("请输入新的联系人年龄:\n");
	 scanf("%s", g_addr_book.person_info[num].age);
	 printf("请输入新联系人的电话号码:\n");
	 scanf("%s",g_addr_book.person_info[num].phone);
	 printf("请输入新的联系人家庭住址:\n");
	 scanf("%s", g_addr_book.person_info[num].address);
	 printf("修改成功\n");
}
void DisplayPersonInfo()
{
	 printf("打印所有联系人信息\n");
	 for (int i = 0; i < g_addr_book.size; i++)
	 {
		  printf("编号：[%d] 姓名：[%s] 性别：%s 年龄：%s  电话号码：%s 家庭住址：%s\n",
		   i,g_addr_book.person_info[i].name,
		   g_addr_book.person_info[i].sex, g_addr_book.person_info[i].age,
		   g_addr_book.person_info[i].phone,g_addr_book.person_info[i].address);
	 }
	 printf("打印完成,共打印了%d条信息\n",g_addr_book.size);
}
void ClearPersonInfo()
{
	 printf("清除所有用户信息！\n");
	 printf("你是否确定要删除所有信息？ y：确认删除，按其他键取消删除\n");
	 char input[1024] = { 0 };
	 scanf("%s",input);
	 if (0 != strcmp(input, "y")) 
	 {
		  printf("已取消删除操作！\n");
		  return;
	 }
	 else
	 {
		  g_addr_book.size = 0;
		  printf("清除完成！\n");
	 }
}
void SortPersonInfo()
{
	 printf("将联系人进行排序\n");
	 for (int i = 0; i < g_addr_book.size - 1; i++)//冒泡排序
	 {
		  for (int j = 0; j < g_addr_book.size - i - 1; j++)
		  {
			   if (strcmp(g_addr_book.person_info[j].name,
			    g_addr_book.person_info[j + 1].name) > 0)
			   {
				    PersonInfo temp = g_addr_book.person_info[j];
				    g_addr_book.person_info[j] =
				     g_addr_book.person_info[j + 1];
				    g_addr_book.person_info[j + 1] = temp;
			   }
		   }
	}
	printf("排序完成!\n");
	DisplayPersonInfo();
	return;
}
//程序退出前保存
void SavePersonInfo()
{
	 printf("开始保存！\n");
	 FILE *fp = fopen("../test.txt","w"); //此处文件的地址为当前相对路径的上一级路径
	 if (fp == NULL)
	 {
		  printf("文件打开失败！保存失败！\n");
		  return;
	 }
	 for (int i = 0; i < g_addr_book.size; i++)
	 {
	 	 fwrite(&g_addr_book.person_info[i],sizeof(PersonInfo),1,fp);
	 }
	 fclose(fp);
	 printf("保存成功！保存了%d条信息\n",g_addr_book.size);
}
//程序开始前加载
void LoadPersonInfo()
{
	 printf("开始加载！\n");
	 FILE *fp = fopen("../test.txt","r");
	 if (fp == NULL)
	 {
		  printf("文件打开失败！加载失败！\n");
		  return;
	 }
	 PersonInfo temp = { 0 };
	 while (fread(&temp, sizeof(temp), 1, fp))
	 {
		  CheckRealloc();
		  g_addr_book.person_info[g_addr_book.size] = temp;
		  g_addr_book.size++;
	 }
	 fclose(fp);
	 printf("加载成功！加载了%d条信息\n",g_addr_book.size);
}
int menu()
{
	 int input = 0;
	 printf("&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\n");
	 printf("1.添加联系人信息\n");
	 printf("2.删除指定联系人信息\n");
	 printf("3.查找指定联系人信息\n");
	 printf("4.修改指定联系人信息\n");
	 printf("5.显示所有联系人信息\n");
	 printf("6.清空所有联系人\n");
	 printf("7.以名字排序所有联系人\n");
	 printf("8.清屏\n");
	 printf("0.退出\n");
	 printf("&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\n");
	 scanf("%d", &input);
	 while (input < 0 || input > 8)
	 {
		  printf("输入有误，请重新输入:\n");
		  scanf("%d", &input);
	 }
	 return input;
}
	
enum
{
	 EXIT,    //退出
	 ADD,    //添加
	 DEL,    //删除
	 FIND,    //查找
	 MODIFY,    //修改
	 DISPLAY,   //显示
	 CLEAR,     //清空
	 SORT,    //排序
	 CLEAN,    //清屏
};

int main()
{
	 int choice = 0;
	 Init();//初始化通讯录变量
	 LoadPersonInfo();//初始化完就要加载
	 while (1)
	 {
		  choice = menu();
		  switch (choice)
		  {
			  case EXIT:
				   SavePersonInfo();
				   printf("已退出\n");
				   system("pause");
				   return 0;
				   break;
			  case ADD:
				   AddPersonInfo();
				   SavePersonInfo();
				   break;
			  case DEL:
				   DelPersonInfo();
				   SavePersonInfo();
				   break;
			  case FIND:
				   FindPersonInfo();
				   break;
			  case MODIFY:
				   ModifyPersonInfo();
				   SavePersonInfo();
				   break;
			  case DISPLAY:
				   DisplayPersonInfo();
				   break;
			  case CLEAR:
				   ClearPersonInfo();
				   SavePersonInfo();
				   break;
			  case SORT:
				   SortPersonInfo();
				   SavePersonInfo();
				   break;
			  case CLEAN:
				   system("cls");
				   break;
		  }
	 }
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}