Merge k Sorted Lists

本文介绍了一种高效的算法来合并多个已排序的链表。该算法基于归并排序的思想,通过递归地将链表分成更小的部分,并最终合并它们以得到一个单一的排序链表。直接逐条合并会导致效率低下,因此文中提出使用二分法进行优化。

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Merge k Sorted Lists

Merge k sorted linked lists and return it as one sorted list. Analyze and describe its complexity.

 

解题思路:

目的要合并K个sorted Lists,程序建立在合并两个sorted lists。之后采用二分法对K个list进行合并。整个算法过程类似归并排序。

另外:如果直接逐条合并链表,会超时!!

Code:

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *mergeList(ListNode *l1,ListNode *l2)
{
	if(l1==NULL)
		return l2;
	if(l2==NULL)
		return l1;

	ListNode *head=NULL;
	ListNode *cur=NULL;
	ListNode *p=l1;
	ListNode *q=l2;

	while(p && q)
	{
		ListNode *node;
		if(p->val <q->val)
		{
			node=p;
			p=p->next;
		}
		else
		{
			node=q;
			q=q->next;
		}
		if(head==NULL)
			head=cur=node;
		else
		{
			cur->next=node;
			node->next=NULL;
			cur=node;
		}
	}
	if(p)
		cur->next=p;
	else if(q)
		cur->next=q;
	return head;
}

ListNode* helper(vector<ListNode *> &lists,int l,int r)
{
	if(l<r)
	{
		int m=(l+r)/2;
		return mergeList(helper(lists,l,m),helper(lists,m+1,r));
	}
	return lists.at(l);
}

ListNode *mergeKLists(vector<ListNode *> &lists)
{
	if(lists.size()==0)
		return NULL;
	return helper(lists,0,lists.size()-1);
}
};

 

To merge k sorted linked lists, one approach is to repeatedly merge two of the linked lists until all k lists have been merged into one. We can use a priority queue to keep track of the minimum element across all k linked lists at any given time. Here's the code to implement this idea: ``` struct ListNode { int val; ListNode* next; ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {} }; // Custom comparator for the priority queue struct CompareNode { bool operator()(const ListNode* node1, const ListNode* node2) const { return node1->val > node2->val; } }; ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) { priority_queue<ListNode*, vector<ListNode*>, CompareNode> pq; for (ListNode* list : lists) { if (list) { pq.push(list); } } ListNode* dummy = new ListNode(-1); ListNode* curr = dummy; while (!pq.empty()) { ListNode* node = pq.top(); pq.pop(); curr->next = node; curr = curr->next; if (node->next) { pq.push(node->next); } } return dummy->next; } ``` We start by initializing a priority queue with all the head nodes of the k linked lists. We use a custom comparator that compares the values of two nodes and returns true if the first node's value is less than the second node's value. We then create a dummy node to serve as the head of the merged linked list, and a current node to keep track of the last node in the merged linked list. We repeatedly pop the minimum node from the priority queue and append it to the merged linked list. If the popped node has a next node, we push it onto the priority queue. Once the priority queue is empty, we return the head of the merged linked list. Note that this implementation has a time complexity of O(n log k), where n is the total number of nodes across all k linked lists, and a space complexity of O(k).
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