前言
决策树是一种特殊的二叉树,每个节点与子节点相连的线都有对应的条件,通过条件判断来决定去往哪个子节点。
在项目中经常遇到判断性别+年龄+工资+住址+.....如果用if-else很容易乱套,此时可以通过决策树来解决多重判断问题。

用图来看的话就是这样子的结构
实现
首先设计决策树的结构,决策树包含了节点、节点之间的线、树根。为了实现低耦合高内聚我们奖决策树这个类单独分离出去。
// 规则树
public class TreeRoot {
private Long treeId; //规则树ID
private Long treeRootNodeId; //规则树根ID
private String treeName; //规则树名称
public Long getTreeId() {
return treeId;
}
public void setTreeId(Long treeId) {
this.treeId = treeId;
}
public Long getTreeRootNodeId() {
return treeRootNodeId;
}
public void setTreeRootNodeId(Long treeRootNodeId) {
this.treeRootNodeId = treeRootNodeId;
}
public String getTreeName() {
return treeName;
}
public void setTreeName(String treeName) {
this.treeName = treeName;
}
}
// 规则树节点
public class TreeNode {
private Long treeId; //规则树ID
private Long treeNodeId; //规则树节点ID
private Integer nodeType; //节点类型;1子叶、2果实
private String nodeValue; //节点值[nodeType=2];果实值
private String ruleKey; //规则Key
private String ruleDesc; //规则描述
private List<TreeNodeLink> treeNodeLinkList; //节点链路
public Long getTreeId() {
return treeId;
}
public void setTreeId(Long treeId) {
this.treeId = treeId;
}
public Long getTreeNodeId() {
return treeNodeId;
}
public void setTreeNodeId(Long treeNodeId) {
this.treeNodeId = treeNodeId;
}
public Integer getNodeType() {
return nodeType;
}
public void setNodeType(Integer nodeType) {
this.nodeType = nodeType;
}
public String getNodeValue() {
return nodeValue;
}
public void setNodeValue(String nodeValue) {
this.nodeValue = nodeValue;
}
public String getRuleKey() {
return ruleKey;
}
public void setRuleKey(String ruleKey) {
this.ruleKey = ruleKey;
}
public String getRuleDesc() {
return ruleDesc;
}
public void setRuleDesc(String ruleDesc) {
this.ruleDesc = ruleDesc;
}
public List<TreeNodeLink> getTreeNodeLinkList() {
return treeNodeLinkList;
}
public void setTreeNodeLinkList(List<TreeNodeLink> treeNodeLinkList) {
this.treeNodeLinkList = treeNodeLinkList;
}
}
// 规则树线
public class TreeNodeLink {
private Long nodeIdFrom; //节点From
private Long nodeIdTo; //节点To
private Integer ruleLimitType; //限定类型;1:=;2:>;3:<;4:>=;5<=;6:enum[枚举范围]
private String ruleLimitValue; //限定值
public Long getNodeIdFrom() {
return nodeIdFrom;
}
public void setNodeIdFrom(Long nodeIdFrom) {
this.nodeIdFrom = nodeIdFrom;
}
public Long getNodeIdTo() {
return nodeIdTo;
}
public void setNodeIdTo(Long nodeIdTo) {
this.nodeIdTo = nodeIdTo;
}
public Integer getRuleLimitType() {
return ruleLimitType;
}
public void setRuleLimitType(Integer ruleLimitType) {
this.ruleLimitType = ruleLimitType;
}
public String getRuleLimitValue() {
return ruleLimitValue;
}
public void setRuleLimitValue(String ruleLimitValue) {
this.ruleLimitValue = ruleLimitValue;
}
}
// 规则树跟
public class TreeRoot {
private Long treeId; //规则树ID
private Long treeRootNodeId; //规则树根ID
private String treeName; //规则树名称
public Long getTreeId() {
return treeId;
}
public void setTreeId(Long treeId) {
this.treeId = treeId;
}
public Long getTreeRootNodeId() {
return treeRootNodeId;
}
public void setTreeRootNodeId(Long treeRootNodeId) {
this.treeRootNodeId = treeRootNodeId;
}
public String getTreeName() {
return treeName;
}
public void setTreeName(String treeName) {
this.treeName = treeName;
}
}
这样决策树(规则树)的基本框架就搭建好了,为了实现查找的功能,还需要设计查找逻辑。
TreeNode 中的 规则Key 决定着需要比较哪个属性。
TreeNode 中的 规则处理器 决定使用哪个规则处理器。
TreeNode 中的 nodeValue 决定着该节点的值。
TreeNodeLink 中的 ruleLimitType 可以决定< > <= >= =等判断条件。
TreeNodeLink 中的 ruleLimitValue 可以决定与之判断的值。
通过上述的描述可以设计一个简单的比较逻辑。
首先设计一个比较接口。
public interface LogicFilter {
/**
* 逻辑决策器
*
* @param matterValue 决策值
* @param treeNodeLineInfoList 决策节点
* @return 下一个节点Id
*/
Long filter(String matterValue, List<TreeNodeLink> treeNodeLineInfoList);
/**
* 获取决策值
*
* @param decisionMatter 决策物料
* @return 决策值
*/
String matterValue(Long treeId, String userId, Map<String, String> decisionMatter);
}
然后我们来实现这个接口。
public abstract class BaseLogic implements LogicFilter{
@Override
public Long filter(String matterValue, List<TreeNodeLink> treeNodeLinkList) {
for (TreeNodeLink nodeLine : treeNodeLinkList) {
if (decisionLogic(matterValue, nodeLine)) return nodeLine.getNodeIdTo();
}
return 0L;
}
@Override
public abstract String matterValue(Long treeId, String userId, Map<String, String> decisionMatter);
private boolean decisionLogic(String matterValue, TreeNodeLink nodeLink) {
switch (nodeLink.getRuleLimitType()) {
case 1:
return matterValue.equals(nodeLink.getRuleLimitValue());
case 2:
return Double.parseDouble(matterValue) > Double.parseDouble(nodeLink.getRuleLimitValue());
case 3:
return Double.parseDouble(matterValue) < Double.parseDouble(nodeLink.getRuleLimitValue());
case 4:
return Double.parseDouble(matterValue) <= Double.parseDouble(nodeLink.getRuleLimitValue());
case 5:
return Double.parseDouble(matterValue) >= Double.parseDouble(nodeLink.getRuleLimitValue());
default:
return false;
}
}
}
通过这种方式可以实现基本的判断功能,但是并未实现指定值的对比,这还并不完善。接下来在增加规则处理器。
// 年龄处理器
public class UserAgeFilter extends BaseLogic {
@Override
public String matterValue(Long treeId, String userId, Map<String, String> decisionMatter) {
return decisionMatter.get("age");
}
}
// 性别处理器
public class UserGenderFilter extends BaseLogic {
@Override
public String matterValue(Long treeId, String userId, Map<String, String> decisionMatter) {
return decisionMatter.get("gender");
}
}
有了规则处理器,离实现代码只差一步之遥,还需要设计一个引擎将我们之前提到的各种属性串联起来。
// 引擎接口
public interface IEngine {
EngineResult process(final Long treeId, final String userId, TreeRich treeRich, final Map<String, String> decisionMatter);
}
// 引擎配置
public class EngineConfig {
static Map<String, LogicFilter> logicFilterMap;
static { // 初始化规则处理器定义
logicFilterMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
logicFilterMap.put("userAge", new UserAgeFilter());
logicFilterMap.put("userGender", new UserGenderFilter());
}
public Map<String, LogicFilter> getLogicFilterMap() {
return logicFilterMap;
}
public void setLogicFilterMap(Map<String, LogicFilter> logicFilterMap) {
this.logicFilterMap = logicFilterMap;
}
}
// 引擎框架
public abstract class EngineBase extends EngineConfig implements IEngine{
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EngineBase.class);
@Override
public abstract EngineResult process(Long treeId, String userId, TreeRich treeRich, Map<String, String> decisionMatter);
protected TreeNode engineDecisionMaker(TreeRich treeRich, Long treeId, String userId, Map<String, String> decisionMatter) {
TreeRoot treeRoot = treeRich.getTreeRoot();
Map<Long, TreeNode> treeNodeMap = treeRich.getTreeNodeMap();
// 规则树根ID
Long rootNodeId = treeRoot.getTreeRootNodeId();
TreeNode treeNodeInfo = treeNodeMap.get(rootNodeId);
//节点类型[NodeType];1子叶、2果实
while (treeNodeInfo.getNodeType().equals(1)) {
String ruleKey = treeNodeInfo.getRuleKey();
LogicFilter logicFilter = logicFilterMap.get(ruleKey);
String matterValue = logicFilter.matterValue(treeId, userId, decisionMatter);
Long nextNode = logicFilter.filter(matterValue, treeNodeInfo.getTreeNodeLinkList());
treeNodeInfo = treeNodeMap.get(nextNode);
logger.info("决策树引擎=>{} userId:{} treeId:{} treeNode:{} ruleKey:{} matterValue:{}", treeRoot.getTreeName(), userId, treeId, treeNodeInfo.getTreeNodeId(), ruleKey, matterValue);
}
return treeNodeInfo;
}
}
// 引擎实现
public class TreeEngineHandle extends EngineBase {
@Override
public EngineResult process(Long treeId, String userId, TreeRich treeRich, Map<String, String> decisionMatter) {
// 决策流程
TreeNode treeNode = engineDecisionMaker(treeRich, treeId, userId, decisionMatter);
// 决策结果
return new EngineResult(userId, treeId, treeNode.getTreeNodeId(), treeNode.getNodeValue());
}
}
最后我们在设计一个决策结果类
public class EngineResult {
private boolean isSuccess; //执行结果
private String userId; //用户ID
private Long treeId; //规则树ID
private Long nodeId; //果实节点ID
private String nodeValue; //果实节点值
public EngineResult() {
}
public EngineResult(boolean isSuccess) {
this.isSuccess = isSuccess;
}
public EngineResult(String userId, Long treeId, Long nodeId, String nodeValue) {
this.isSuccess = true;
this.userId = userId;
this.treeId = treeId;
this.nodeId = nodeId;
this.nodeValue = nodeValue;
}
public boolean isSuccess() {
return isSuccess;
}
public void setSuccess(boolean success) {
isSuccess = success;
}
public String getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(String userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public Long getTreeId() {
return treeId;
}
public void setTreeId(Long treeId) {
this.treeId = treeId;
}
public Long getNodeId() {
return nodeId;
}
public void setNodeId(Long nodeId) {
this.nodeId = nodeId;
}
public String getNodeValue() {
return nodeValue;
}
public void setNodeValue(String nodeValue) {
this.nodeValue = nodeValue;
}
}
最后一步就是填入数据以及测试
public class ApiTest {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApiTest.class);
private TreeRich treeRich;
@Before
public void init(){
// 节点:1
TreeNode treeNode_01 = new TreeNode();
treeNode_01.setTreeId(10001L);
treeNode_01.setTreeNodeId(1L);
treeNode_01.setNodeType(1);
treeNode_01.setNodeValue(null);
treeNode_01.setRuleKey("userGender");
treeNode_01.setRuleDesc("用户性别[男/女]");
// 链接:1->11
TreeNodeLink treeNodeLink_11 = new TreeNodeLink();
treeNodeLink_11.setNodeIdFrom(1L);
treeNodeLink_11.setNodeIdTo(11L);
treeNodeLink_11.setRuleLimitType(1);
treeNodeLink_11.setRuleLimitValue("man");
// 链接:1->12
TreeNodeLink treeNodeLink_12 = new TreeNodeLink();
treeNodeLink_12.setNodeIdFrom(1L);
treeNodeLink_12.setNodeIdTo(12L);
treeNodeLink_12.setRuleLimitType(1);
treeNodeLink_12.setRuleLimitValue("woman");
List<TreeNodeLink> treeNodeLinkList_1 = new ArrayList<>();
treeNodeLinkList_1.add(treeNodeLink_11);
treeNodeLinkList_1.add(treeNodeLink_12);
treeNode_01.setTreeNodeLinkList(treeNodeLinkList_1);
// 节点:11
TreeNode treeNode_11 = new TreeNode();
treeNode_11.setTreeId(10001L);
treeNode_11.setTreeNodeId(11L);
treeNode_11.setNodeType(1);
treeNode_11.setNodeValue(null);
treeNode_11.setRuleKey("userAge");
treeNode_11.setRuleDesc("用户年龄");
// 链接:11->111
TreeNodeLink treeNodeLink_111 = new TreeNodeLink();
treeNodeLink_111.setNodeIdFrom(11L);
treeNodeLink_111.setNodeIdTo(111L);
treeNodeLink_111.setRuleLimitType(3);
treeNodeLink_111.setRuleLimitValue("25");
// 链接:11->112
TreeNodeLink treeNodeLink_112 = new TreeNodeLink();
treeNodeLink_112.setNodeIdFrom(11L);
treeNodeLink_112.setNodeIdTo(112L);
treeNodeLink_112.setRuleLimitType(5);
treeNodeLink_112.setRuleLimitValue("25");
List<TreeNodeLink> treeNodeLinkList_11 = new ArrayList<>();
treeNodeLinkList_11.add(treeNodeLink_111);
treeNodeLinkList_11.add(treeNodeLink_112);
treeNode_11.setTreeNodeLinkList(treeNodeLinkList_11);
// 节点:12
TreeNode treeNode_12 = new TreeNode();
treeNode_12.setTreeId(10001L);
treeNode_12.setTreeNodeId(12L);
treeNode_12.setNodeType(1);
treeNode_12.setNodeValue(null);
treeNode_12.setRuleKey("userAge");
treeNode_12.setRuleDesc("用户年龄");
// 链接:12->121
TreeNodeLink treeNodeLink_121 = new TreeNodeLink();
treeNodeLink_121.setNodeIdFrom(12L);
treeNodeLink_121.setNodeIdTo(121L);
treeNodeLink_121.setRuleLimitType(3);
treeNodeLink_121.setRuleLimitValue("25");
// 链接:12->122
TreeNodeLink treeNodeLink_122 = new TreeNodeLink();
treeNodeLink_122.setNodeIdFrom(12L);
treeNodeLink_122.setNodeIdTo(122L);
treeNodeLink_122.setRuleLimitType(5);
treeNodeLink_122.setRuleLimitValue("25");
List<TreeNodeLink> treeNodeLinkList_12 = new ArrayList<>();
treeNodeLinkList_12.add(treeNodeLink_121);
treeNodeLinkList_12.add(treeNodeLink_122);
treeNode_12.setTreeNodeLinkList(treeNodeLinkList_12);
// 节点:111
TreeNode treeNode_111 = new TreeNode();
treeNode_111.setTreeId(10001L);
treeNode_111.setTreeNodeId(111L);
treeNode_111.setNodeType(2);
treeNode_111.setNodeValue("果实A");
// 节点:112
TreeNode treeNode_112 = new TreeNode();
treeNode_112.setTreeId(10001L);
treeNode_112.setTreeNodeId(112L);
treeNode_112.setNodeType(2);
treeNode_112.setNodeValue("果实B");
// 节点:121
TreeNode treeNode_121 = new TreeNode();
treeNode_121.setTreeId(10001L);
treeNode_121.setTreeNodeId(121L);
treeNode_121.setNodeType(2);
treeNode_121.setNodeValue("果实C");
// 节点:122
TreeNode treeNode_122 = new TreeNode();
treeNode_122.setTreeId(10001L);
treeNode_122.setTreeNodeId(122L);
treeNode_122.setNodeType(2);
treeNode_122.setNodeValue("果实D");
// 树根
TreeRoot treeRoot = new TreeRoot();
treeRoot.setTreeId(10001L);
treeRoot.setTreeRootNodeId(1L);
treeRoot.setTreeName("规则决策树");
Map<Long, TreeNode> treeNodeMap = new HashMap<>();
treeNodeMap.put(1L, treeNode_01);
treeNodeMap.put(11L, treeNode_11);
treeNodeMap.put(12L, treeNode_12);
treeNodeMap.put(111L, treeNode_111);
treeNodeMap.put(112L, treeNode_112);
treeNodeMap.put(121L, treeNode_121);
treeNodeMap.put(122L, treeNode_122);
treeRich = new TreeRich(treeRoot, treeNodeMap);
}
@Test
public void test_tree() {
logger.info("决策树组合结构信息:\r\n" + JSON.toJSONString(treeRich));
IEngine treeEngineHandle = new TreeEngineHandle();
/**
* 测试数据
* 果实A:gender=man、age=22
* 果实B:gender=man、age=29
* 果实C:gender=woman、age=22
* 果实D:gender=woman、age=29
*/
Map<String, String> decisionMatter = new HashMap<>();
decisionMatter.put("gender", "man");
decisionMatter.put("age", "29");
EngineResult result = treeEngineHandle.process(10001L, "Oli09pLkdjh", treeRich, decisionMatter);
logger.info("测试结果:{}", JSON.toJSONString(result));
}
}
小结
通过决策树的方式,虽然在前期的构建中需要耗费较多的时间与精力,但是在后期的业务增长以及代码维护中都会事半功倍。
代码以及图片来自于小傅哥
1265

被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?



