在 Java Web 开发中,SpringMVC 和 MyBatis 是两个广受欢迎的框架。SpringMVC 作为 Spring 框架的一个模块,专注于 Web 层的开发;而 MyBatis 则是一个优秀的持久层框架,简化了数据库操作。将两者整合使用,可以充分发挥它们的优势,构建高效、可维护的 Web 应用。本文将通过一个简单的用户管理示例,详细讲解 SpringMVC 和 MyBatis 的整合过程。
一、项目结构搭建
首先,搭建一个基本的 Maven 项目结构:
src
├── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── com.example
│ │ ├── controller
│ │ ├── service
│ │ ├── dao
│ │ └── model
│ ├── resources
│ │ ├── config
│ │ ├── mapper
│ │ └── static
│ └── webapp
│ ├── WEB-INF
│ │ ├── views
│ │ └── web.xml
│ └── index.jsp
└── test
二、添加依赖
在 pom.xml
文件中添加以下依赖:
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringMVC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.23</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MyBatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.13</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.30</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 其他依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
三、配置文件
3.1 数据源配置(application.properties
)
# 数据库连接配置
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_demo
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
# MyBatis 配置
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.example.model
3.2 Spring 配置(applicationContext.xml
)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 扫描组件 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${spring.datasource.driver-class-name}"/>
<property name="url" value="${spring.datasource.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${spring.datasource.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${spring.datasource.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置 MyBatis 工厂 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="${mybatis.mapper-locations}"/>
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="${mybatis.type-aliases-package}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置 MyBatis 扫描器 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.example.dao"/>
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- 事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 启用注解事务 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
3.3 SpringMVC 配置(dispatcher-servlet.xml
)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 扫描控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller"/>
<!-- 启用 MVC 注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
四、代码示例
4.1 实体类(User.java
)
package com.example.model;
public class User {
private Long id;
private String name;
private String email;
// Getters and Setters
}
4.2 Mapper 接口(UserMapper.java
)
package com.example.dao;
import com.example.model.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import java.util.List;
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
List<User> findAll();
User findById(Long id);
void insert(User user);
void update(User user);
void delete(Long id);
}
4.3 Mapper XML 文件(UserMapper.xml
)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.dao.UserMapper">
<resultMap id="UserResultMap" type="User">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<result property="email" column="email"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="findAll" resultMap="UserResultMap">
SELECT * FROM user;
</select>
<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultMap="UserResultMap">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = #{id};
</select>
<insert id="insert" parameterType="User">
INSERT INTO user (name, email) VALUES (#{name}, #{email});
</insert>
<update id="update" parameterType="User">
UPDATE user SET name = #{name}, email = #{email} WHERE id = #{id};
</update>
<delete id="delete" parameterType="long">
DELETE FROM user WHERE id = #{id};
</delete>
</mapper>
4.4 Service 类(UserService.java
)
package com.example.service;
import com.example.dao.UserMapper;
import com.example.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
public List<User> findAll() {
return userMapper.findAll();
}
public User findById(Long id) {
return userMapper.findById(id);
}
@Transactional
public void insert(User user) {
userMapper.insert(user);
}
@Transactional
public void update(User user) {
userMapper.update(user);
}
@Transactional
public void delete(Long id) {
userMapper.delete(id);
}
}
4.5 控制器(UserController.java
)
package com.example.controller;
import com.example.model.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping
public String listUsers(Model model) {
List<User> users = userService.findAll();
model.addAttribute("users", users);
return "users/list";
}
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public String viewUser(@PathVariable Long id, Model model) {
User user = userService.findById(id);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "users/view";
}
@GetMapping("/add")
public String showAddUserForm(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("user", new User());
return "users/add";
}
@PostMapping
public String addUser(@ModelAttribute User user) {
userService.insert(user);
return "redirect:/users";
}
@GetMapping("/edit/{id}")
public String showEditUserForm(@PathVariable Long id, Model model) {
User user = userService.findById(id);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "users/edit";
}
@PutMapping
public String updateUser(@ModelAttribute User user) {
userService.update(user);
return "redirect:/users";
}
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
userService.delete(id);
return "redirect:/users";
}
}
4.6 JSP 页面示例(list.jsp
)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>User List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>User List</h1>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/users/add">Add New User</a>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Actions</th>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
<tr>
<td>${user.id}</td>
<td>${user.name}</td>
<td>${user.email}</td>
<td>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/users/${user.id}">View</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/users/edit/${user.id}">Edit</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/users/${user.id}/delete" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure?')">Delete</a>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
五、运行项目
完成上述配置和代码编写后,可以通过以下步骤运行项目:
- 配置好 Tomcat 服务器。
- 将项目部署到 Tomcat 服务器。
- 启动服务器并访问
http://localhost:8080/your-project-name/users
。
通过本文的介绍,你已经掌握了 SpringMVC 和 MyBatis 的整合方法。这种整合可以充分发挥两者的优点,帮助你构建高效、可维护的 Java Web 应用。希望本文能为你的开发工作提供有价值的参考。