Java SpringMVC与MyBatis整合

原创于 2025-05-11 11:00:00 发布 · 1k 阅读

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在 Java Web 开发中，SpringMVC 和 MyBatis 是两个广受欢迎的框架。SpringMVC 作为 Spring 框架的一个模块，专注于 Web 层的开发；而 MyBatis 则是一个优秀的持久层框架，简化了数据库操作。将两者整合使用，可以充分发挥它们的优势，构建高效、可维护的 Web 应用。本文将通过一个简单的用户管理示例，详细讲解 SpringMVC 和 MyBatis 的整合过程。

一、项目结构搭建

首先，搭建一个基本的 Maven 项目结构：

src
├── main
│   ├── java
│   │   └── com.example
│   │       ├── controller
│   │       ├── service
│   │       ├── dao
│   │       └── model
│   ├── resources
│   │   ├── config
│   │   ├── mapper
│   │   └── static
│   └── webapp
│       ├── WEB-INF
│       │   ├── views
│       │   └── web.xml
│       └── index.jsp
└── test

二、添加依赖

在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- SpringMVC -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.23</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- MyBatis -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 数据库驱动 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.30</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 其他依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jstl</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

三、配置文件

3.1 数据源配置（`application.properties`）

# 数据库连接配置
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_demo
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

# MyBatis 配置
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.example.model

3.2 Spring 配置（`applicationContext.xml`）

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描组件 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/>

    <!-- 配置数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${spring.datasource.driver-class-name}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${spring.datasource.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${spring.datasource.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${spring.datasource.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置 MyBatis 工厂 -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="${mybatis.mapper-locations}"/>
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="${mybatis.type-aliases-package}"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置 MyBatis 扫描器 -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.example.dao"/>
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 启用注解事务 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

3.3 SpringMVC 配置（`dispatcher-servlet.xml`）

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描控制器 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller"/>

    <!-- 启用 MVC 注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

四、代码示例

4.1 实体类（`User.java`）

package com.example.model;

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String email;

    // Getters and Setters
}

4.2 Mapper 接口（`UserMapper.java`）

package com.example.dao;

import com.example.model.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
    List<User> findAll();
    User findById(Long id);
    void insert(User user);
    void update(User user);
    void delete(Long id);
}

4.3 Mapper XML 文件（`UserMapper.xml`）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.dao.UserMapper">
    <resultMap id="UserResultMap" type="User">
        <id property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
        <result property="email" column="email"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="findAll" resultMap="UserResultMap">
        SELECT * FROM user;
    </select>

    <select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultMap="UserResultMap">
        SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = #{id};
    </select>

    <insert id="insert" parameterType="User">
        INSERT INTO user (name, email) VALUES (#{name}, #{email});
    </insert>

    <update id="update" parameterType="User">
        UPDATE user SET name = #{name}, email = #{email} WHERE id = #{id};
    </update>

    <delete id="delete" parameterType="long">
        DELETE FROM user WHERE id = #{id};
    </delete>
</mapper>

4.4 Service 类（`UserService.java`）

package com.example.service;

import com.example.dao.UserMapper;
import com.example.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    public List<User> findAll() {
        return userMapper.findAll();
    }

    public User findById(Long id) {
        return userMapper.findById(id);
    }

    @Transactional
    public void insert(User user) {
        userMapper.insert(user);
    }

    @Transactional
    public void update(User user) {
        userMapper.update(user);
    }

    @Transactional
    public void delete(Long id) {
        userMapper.delete(id);
    }
}

4.5 控制器（`UserController.java`）

package com.example.controller;

import com.example.model.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping
    public String listUsers(Model model) {
        List<User> users = userService.findAll();
        model.addAttribute("users", users);
        return "users/list";
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public String viewUser(@PathVariable Long id, Model model) {
        User user = userService.findById(id);
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        return "users/view";
    }

    @GetMapping("/add")
    public String showAddUserForm(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("user", new User());
        return "users/add";
    }

    @PostMapping
    public String addUser(@ModelAttribute User user) {
        userService.insert(user);
        return "redirect:/users";
    }

    @GetMapping("/edit/{id}")
    public String showEditUserForm(@PathVariable Long id, Model model) {
        User user = userService.findById(id);
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        return "users/edit";
    }

    @PutMapping
    public String updateUser(@ModelAttribute User user) {
        userService.update(user);
        return "redirect:/users";
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        userService.delete(id);
        return "redirect:/users";
    }
}

4.6 JSP 页面示例（`list.jsp`）

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>User List</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>User List</h1>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/users/add">Add New User</a>
    <table border="1">
        <tr>
            <th>ID</th>
            <th>Name</th>
            <th>Email</th>
            <th>Actions</th>
        </tr>
        <c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
            <tr>
                <td>${user.id}</td>
                <td>${user.name}</td>
                <td>${user.email}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/users/${user.id}">View</a>
                    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/users/edit/${user.id}">Edit</a>
                    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/users/${user.id}/delete" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure?')">Delete</a>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </c:forEach>
    </table>
</body>
</html>