项目使用Dubbo实现解耦和

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-09-16 13:00:06 发布 2.4k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

什么是Dubbo？Dubbo在项目中怎么使用？提供了SOA服务治理方案;它的架构主要有五个角色/核心组件，分为是Container(容器)、Provider(服务的提供方)、Registry(注册中心)、Consumer(服务的消费方)、Monitor(监控中心)。容器主要负责启动、加载、运行服务提供者;同时服务提供者在启动时，向注册中心注册自己提供的服务;消费者向注册中心订阅自己的服务;注册中心返回服务提供者列表给消费者，如果有变更，注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者;... 阅读详情

代码准备

本次作者建立了一个小Demo来说明如何使用Dubbo实现解耦和的项目部署方式
作者使用的开发工具是idea,大家也可以使用eclipse或者myeclipse.
首先使用idea创建一个maven项目,
这里写图片描述
其中包括了5个子模块,分别是
- dao
- daoimpl
- service
- serviceimpl
- web
项目结构如下图,请原谅画的比较…..(额..抽象)

最上面是dubbodemo的项目,旗下分为5个子模块.
他们的依赖关系分别如图所示
- daoimpl→dao
- serviceimpl→service
- serviceimpl→dao
- web→service

具体需要的jar包pom文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.3.9.RELEASE</spring.version> <!--自己写的 -->
        <jedis.version>2.9.0</jedis.version>
        <dubbo.version>2.5.5</dubbo.version>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <jackson.version>2.9.1</jackson.version>
    </properties>

    <groupId>com.dsj</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbodemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>dao</module>
        <module>daoimpl</module>
        <module>service</module>
        <module>serviceimpl</module>
        <module>web</module>
    </modules>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/redis.clients/jedis -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
                <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
                <version>${jedis.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/dubbo -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
                <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
                <version>${jackson.version}</version>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

Dao

首先我们来编写一下dao,比如用户使用dao提供的服务

public interface UserDao {
    int add(int i,int n);
}

显而易见,我们的dao只提供了一个add,下面编写daoimpl

DaoImpl

注:所有的模块均使用maven,包括打包
接下来是daoimpl的pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbodemo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.dsj</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>dao-impl</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.dsj</groupId>
            <artifactId>dao</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>                    <classesDirectory>target/classes/</classesDirectory>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main</mainClass>
                            <!-- 打包时 MANIFEST.MF文件不记录的时间戳版本 -->
                            <useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>
                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                        </manifest>
                        <manifestEntries>
                            <Class-Path>.</Class-Path>
                        </manifestEntries>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>copy-dependencies</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <type>jar</type>
                            <includeTypes>jar</includeTypes>
                            <!--<useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>-->
                            <outputDirectory>
                                ${project.build.directory}/lib
                            </outputDirectory>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <!-- 结合com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main -->
            <resource>
                <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes/META-INF/spring</targetPath>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
                <includes>
                    <include>spring-dao-impl.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

</project>

以及Spring的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.dsj"/>
    <!-- 开启类中dubbo的注解能力,第一个例子中没用 -->
    <!--<dubbo:annotation></dubbo:annotation>-->
    <dubbo:application name="dsj-dao"/>
    <dubbo:registry protocol="redis" address="192.168.201.113:6379" />
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.dsj.dao.UserDaoImpl"/>
    <dubbo:service interface="com.dsj.dao.UserDao" ref="userDao"/>

</beans>

接下来是dao的实现类daoimpl,被调用之后会在控制台打印使用dubbo提供加法服务

import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/9/20 0020.
 */
@Repository
@Service
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
    public int add(int i, int n) {
        System.out.println("使用dubbo提供加法服务");
        return i+n;
    }
}

同时写一个运行时的类运行jar包时候自动执行该类的main方法

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/9/24 0024.
 */
public class RunJar {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        if (args.length==0){
            System.err.println("Useage:java jar dao.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar spring-dao-impl.xml");
        }else {
            ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("args[0]");
            System.out.println("服务已启动,按回车停止");
            System.in.read();
        }
    }
}

ServiceImpl

接下来service不做过多的赘述和dao相同
serviceimpl中的spring-service-impl.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.dsj"/>
    <dubbo:application name="dsj-service"/>
    <dubbo:registry protocol="redis" address="192.168.201.113:6379" />
    <dubbo:reference id="userDao" interface="com.dsj.dao.UserDao"/>
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20888"/>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.dsj.service.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
    </bean>
    <dubbo:service  interface="com.dsj.service.UserService" ref="userService"/>
</beans>

以及pom文件中的设置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbodemo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.dsj</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>service-impl</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.dsj</groupId>
            <artifactId>service</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.dsj</groupId>
            <artifactId>dao</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.dsj</groupId>
            <artifactId>dao</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <classesDirectory>target/classes/</classesDirectory>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main</mainClass>
                            <!-- 打包时 MANIFEST.MF文件不记录的时间戳版本 -->
                            <useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>
                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                        </manifest>
                        <manifestEntries>
                            <Class-Path>.</Class-Path>
                        </manifestEntries>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>copy-dependencies</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <type>jar</type>
                            <includeTypes>jar</includeTypes>
                            <!--<useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>-->
                            <outputDirectory>
                                ${project.build.directory}/lib
                            </outputDirectory>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <!-- 结合com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main -->
            <resource>
                <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes/META-INF/spring</targetPath>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
                <includes>
                    <include>spring-service-impl.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
</project>

当然少不了运行时的main方法

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/9/24 0024.
 */
public class RunJar {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-service-impl.xml");
        UserService us=ac.getBean(UserService.class);
        us.add(5,6);
    }
}

还有serviceimp

import com.dsj.dao.UserDao;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/9/20 0020.
 */
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public int add(int i, int n) {
        System.out.println(String.format("开始计算%d+%d的结果,等待dubbo服务响应",i,n));
        int sum=userDao.add(i,n);
        System.out.println(sum);
        return sum;
    }
}

Web

最后一个模块web模块
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbodemo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.dsj</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>web</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.dsj</groupId>
            <artifactId>service</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

spring-webmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.dsj"/> <!--扫描包 mvc以外注解-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>    <!--mvc的注解-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>      <!--请求mvc以外的东西(html)能被访问-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"/>
    <dubbo:annotation/>
    <dubbo:application name="dsj-web"/>
    <dubbo:registry protocol="redis" address="192.168.201.113:6379" />
    <dubbo:reference interface ="com.dsj.service.UserService" id ="userService"/>

</beans>

UserController

package com.dsj.controller;

import com.dsj.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/9/24 0024.
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @Resource
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/add")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map add(Integer i, Integer n) {
        Map data = new HashMap();
        int sum = userService.add(i, n);
        data.put("result", sum);
        return data;


    }
}

webapp/WEB-INF下的web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring-webmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-webmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring-webmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

以及一个非常简单的页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="../js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            $('button').click(function () {
                var num1=$('#num1').val();
                var num2=$('#num2').val();
                $.get("add",{"i":num1,"n":num2},function (data) {
                    $('#rs').val(data.result);
                })
            })
        })
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="number" id="num1">+<input type="number" id="num2"><button>=</button><input type="number" id="rs">
</body>
</html>

项目结构如下
这里写图片描述

项目部署

首先使用idea的工具
这里写图片描述
将 daoimpl serviceimpl web 三个模块分别进行打包
除了web是war包意外前两个均为jar包我们的maven配置方式可以直接运行打包好的jar
接下来在磁盘上找到打包好的jar包

打开一个终端执行

java -jar dao-xxx.jar

serviceimpl同上
注意运行的顺序,第一个是daoimpl 然后serviceimpl 最后是tomcat
将web打包好的war包放在tomcat的webapp下改名为ROOT如果之前使用过tomcat需要先将ROOT文件夹删除
就像这样
这里写图片描述
接下来运行tomcat的启动脚本
作者是在windows环境下运行所以启动的是bin目录下的startup.bat
其实这三个部分可以分别放在三台不同的主机上,也就是真正实现了代码的解耦
最后部署结构如下