As stated in the docs, the starter one is a convenient inliner for all required dependencies for this particular library, i.e. includes other dependencies in itself, instead of you writing those manually.
Look into the spring-boot-starter-data-jpa pom.xml, you will see there it includes spring-data-jpa as a dependency among many others.
Spring Boot Starters are a set of convenient dependency descriptors that you can include in your application. You get a one-stop-shop for all the Spring and related technology that you need without having to hunt through sample code and copy paste loads of dependency descriptors. For example, if you want to get started using Spring and JPA for database access just include the spring-boot-starter-data-jpa dependency in your project, and you are good to go.
本文介绍了Spring Boot Starters的概念,它们是一组方便的依赖项描述符,可以让你的应用程序轻松包含所需的Spring和其他相关技术依赖,无需手动查找和复制大量的依赖项描述符。例如,通过加入spring-boot-starter-data-jpa依赖,即可实现使用Spring和JPA进行数据库访问。
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