各种范围OuO

char	1 个字节	-128 到 127 或者 0 到 255
unsigned char	1 个字节	0 到 255
signed char	1 个字节	-128 到 127
int	4 个字节	-2147483648 到 2147483647    2^32
unsigned int	4 个字节	0 到 4294967295
signed int	4 个字节	-2147483648 到 2147483647
short int	2 个字节	-32768 到 32767
unsigned short int	2 个字节	0 到 65,535
signed short int	2 个字节	-32768 到 32767
long int	8 个字节	-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807   2^64
signed long int	8 个字节	-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
unsigned long int	8 个字节	0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615
float	4 个字节	+/- 3.4e +/- 38 (~7 个数字)
double	8 个字节	+/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 个数字)
long double	16 个字节	+/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 个数字)
wchar_t	2 或 4 个字节	1 个宽字符