一、介绍
boost::function 就是一个函数的包装器(function wrapper),用来定义函数对象。它的概念很像广义上的回调函数。它以对象的形式封装了原始的函数指针或函数对象,能够容纳任意符合函数签名的可调用对象。因此,它可以被用于回调机制,暂时保管函数或函数对象,在之后需要的时机在调用,使回调机制拥有更多弹性。回调函数的一种形式就是:C语言中的typedef 返回类型 (*pointer)(参数列表),如:
typedef boost::function<void(bool, int, int)> RequestCallback;
二、使用
头文件:
#include<boost/function.hpp>
using namespace boost;
示例:
int fsum(int i, int j)
{
return i + j;
}
class Person
{
public:
void operator() (std::string name, int age)
{
std::cout << name << ": " << age << std::endl;
}
};
class Car
{
public:
Car(){}
virtual ~Car(){}
void info(int i)
{
std::cout << "info = " << i << std::endl;
}
};
void test_function()
{
// 1. 普通函数
boost::function<int(int, int)> func1;
func1 = fsum;
std::cout << "4 + 5 = " << func1(4, 5) << std::endl;
// 2. 函数对象
boost::function<void(std::string, int)> func2;
Person person;
func2 = person;
func2("myname", 30);
// 3. 成员函数
boost::function<void(Car*, int)> func3;
func3 = &Car::info;
Car car;
func3(&car, 25);
// 4. 空函数
boost::function<int(int, int)> func4;
assert(func4.empty());
assert(!func1.empty());
func1.clear();
assert(func1.empty());
try
{
func1(4, 5);
}
catch (std::exception& e)
{
std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
}
}
三、高级用法
function可以配合bind使用,存储bind表达式的结果,使bind可以被多次调用,bind函数返回的是一个函数对象。
示例1:
#include "boost/bind.hpp"
namespace
{
void overload(int param1, float param2, int param3) {}
void overload(int param) {}
void overload(float param) {}
class Class
{
public: // interface
void overload(float param) {}
void overload(int param) {}
};
} // namespace
int main(int arg, char** argv)
{
// non-member
boost::bind(::overload, _1, _2, _3); // can bind normally
typedef void (*NonMemberFuncType)(int);
boost::bind(static_cast<NonMemberFuncType>(::overload), _1);
// member
Class* objPtr = new Class();
typedef void (Class::*OverloadFuncType)(float);
boost::bind(static_cast<OverloadFuncType>(&Class::overload), objPtr, _1);
} // main
示例2:
#include "boost/function.hpp"
#include "boost/bind.hpp"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
namespace
{
void function(int number, float floatation, std::string string)
{
std::cout << "Int: \"" << number << "\" Float: \"" << floatation
<< "\" String: \"" << string << "\"" << std::endl;
}
} // namespace
int main(int c, char** argv)
{
// declare function pointer variables
boost::function<void(std::string, float, int)> shuffleFunction;
boost::function<void(void)> voidFunction;
boost::function<void(float)> reducedFunction;
// bind the methods
shuffleFunction = boost::bind(::function, _3, _2, _1);
voidFunction = boost::bind(::function, 5, 5.f, "five");
reducedFunction = boost::bind(::function, 13, _1, "empty");
// call the bound functions
shuffleFunction("String", 0.f, 0);
voidFunction();
reducedFunction(13.f);
} // main
参考:
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/fengbangyue/article/details/7185340
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/huang_xw/article/details/8249278
http://www.radmangames.com/programming/how-to-use-boost-bind