2025.1.14继承和多态

原创已于 2025-01-14 22:02:38 修改 · 297 阅读

0 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#c++ #算法 #数据结构

于 2025-01-14 21:53:20 首次发布

作业专栏收录该内容

90 篇文章

订阅专栏

作业

手动实现一个循环顺序队列

#include <iostream>
#define MAX 1024
using namespace std;

class pooper_queue
{
private:
    char *arr;     //指向数组的指针
     int size_len;      //队列容量
    int front;          //对头指针
    int tail;           //队尾指针
    int number1;        //队列当前元素个数
public:
    //无参构造函数
    pooper_queue()
    {
        arr = new char[size_len];
    }
    //有参构造函数
    pooper_queue(int m):size_len(m),front(0),tail(0),number1(0)
    {
        arr = new char[size_len];
    }
    //析构函数
    ~pooper_queue(){
        delete []arr;
    }
    //拷贝赋值函数
    pooper_queue& operator=(const pooper_queue &other)
    {
        if(this!=&other)
        {
            delete []arr;
            size_len = other.size_len;
            front = other.front;
            tail = other.tail;
            number1 = other.number1;
            arr = new char[size_len];
            for(int i = 0;i<size_len;i++)
            {
                arr[i] = other.arr[i];
            }
        }
        return *this;
    }

    //判空函数
    bool empty() const
    {
        return  number1 == 0;
    }

    //判满函数
    bool full() const
    {
        return size_len == number1;
    }
    //第一个元素访问
    char front_one()
    {
        if(empty())
        {
            cout<<"访问失败"<<endl;
        }
        return arr[front];
    }

    //访问最后一个元素
    char tail_one()
    {
        if(empty())
        {
            cout<<"访问失败"<<endl;
        }
        return  arr[(tail-1+size_len)%size_len];  //顺序表访问最后一个元素
    }

    //返回容纳的元素数
    int getsize() const
    {
        return number1;
    }

    //队尾插入元素
    void tail_interposition(const char& s)  //s为插入的元素
    {
        if(full())
        {
            cout<<"队列已满，插入失败"<<endl;
        }
        arr[tail] = s;
        tail = (tail+1)%size_len;
        number1++;
    }

    //于尾部原位构造元素

    //删除首个元素
    void front_delete()
    {
        if(empty())
        {
       cout<<"队列为空，删除失败"<<endl;
        }
        front = (front+1)%size_len;
        number1--;
    }
};

int main()
{
    pooper_queue s1(5);
    s1.tail_interposition(6);
    s1.tail_interposition(7);
    s1.tail_interposition(9);
    s1.tail_interposition(0);
    cout << "队头元素" <<s1.front_one()<< endl;  // 输出队头元素
    cout << "队尾元素 " <<s1.tail_one()<< endl;  // 输出队尾元素
    cout << "元素个数" << s1.getsize() << endl;  // 输出队列元素个数
    s1.front_delete();
    cout << "输出删除后的元素个数"<<s1.getsize()<<endl; //删除后的元素个数

       return 0;
}

课堂代码1

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//定义一个父类
class Father
{
public:
    string name;
protected:
    int pwd;
private:
    int money;

public:
    Father() {cout<<"Father::无参构造"<<endl;}
    Father(string n, int p, int m):name(n), pwd(p), money(m) {cout<<"Father::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~Father() {cout<<"Father::析构函数"<<endl;}

    void show()
    {
        cout<<"Father::name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"Father::pwd = "<<pwd<<endl;
        cout<<"Father::money = "<<money<<endl;
    }
};

//定义一个子类
class Son:public Father
{
public:
    int name;             //子类中可以定义与父类中同名的成员
};

//再定义一个类
class Test
{
public:
    Father f;

public:
//    Test():f("张三",111111,100000000){cout<<"Test::无参构造"<<endl;}
};



int main()
{
    cout << sizeof (Father)<< "    "<< sizeof (Son) << endl;

    Father f1;          //Father 的无参构造
    Son s1;             //构造
    Test t1;

    cout<<"***************************************"<<endl;
    //验证子类中包含一个父类，并且出现同名情况时，使用子类成员和父类成员
    cout<<"&s1 = "<<&s1<<"     &s1.name = "<<&s1.name<<"   &Father::name = "<<&s1.Father::name<<endl;          //对象的地址  第一个成员的地址


    cout<<"&t1 = "<<&t1<<"     &t1.f = "<<&t1.f<<endl;


    return 0;
}

课堂代码2

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//定义一个父类
class Father
{
public:
    string name;
protected:
    int pwd;
private:
    int money;

public:
    Father() {cout<<"Father::无参构造"<<endl;}
    Father(string n, int p, int m):name(n), pwd(p), money(m) {cout<<"Father::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~Father() {cout<<"Father::析构函数"<<endl;}
    Father(const Father &other):name(other.name),pwd(other.pwd), money(other.money)
    {cout<<"Father::拷贝构造函数"<<endl;}
    Father &operator=(const Father&other)
    {
        if(this!=&other)
        {
            this->name = other.name;
            this->pwd = other.pwd;
            this->money = other.money;
        }
        cout<<"Father::拷贝赋值函数"<<endl;
        return *this;
    }

    void show()
    {
        cout<<"Father::name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"Father::pwd = "<<pwd<<endl;
        cout<<"Father::money = "<<money<<endl;
    }
};

//定义一个子类
class Son:public Father
{
private:
    string toy;          //玩具

public:
    Son(){cout<<"Son::无参构造"<<endl;}
    Son(string n, int p, int m, string t): Father(n, p, m), toy(t)
    {
        cout<<"Son::有参构造"<<endl;
    }

    ~Son(){cout<<"Son::析构函数"<<endl;}

    //定义拷贝构造函数
    Son(const Son& other):Father(other),toy(other.toy)
    {
        cout<<"Son::拷贝构造函数"<<endl;
    }

    //定义子类的拷贝赋值函数
    Son &operator=(const Son &other)
    {
        if(this != &other)
        {
//            this->name = other.name;
//            this->pwd = other.pwd;
//            this->money = other.money;        //?
            Father::operator=(other);          //显性调用父类的拷贝赋值函数
            this->toy = other.toy;
        }
        cout<<"Son::拷贝赋值han数"<<endl;
        return *this;
    }


    //定义自己的show函数
    void show()
    {
//        cout<<"Father::name = "<<name<<endl;
//        cout<<"Father::pwd = "<<pwd<<endl;
//        cout<<"Father::money = "<<money<<endl;         //子类中无法访问父类的私有成员
        Father::show();                     //调用父类提供的show函数
        cout<<"toy = "<<toy<<endl;
    }



};



int main()
{
    Son s1("zhangpp", 111111, 0, "car");             //构造
    s1.show();                         //调用的是继承下来的show函数
    cout<<"********************************"<<endl;
    Son s2(s1);                 //拷贝构造函数
    s2.show();              //随机值
    cout<<"********************************"<<endl;
    s2 = s1;
    s2.show();
     cout<<"********************************"<<endl;

    return 0;
}

课堂代码3

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class Shape
{
private:
  int perimeter;//周长
  int area;//面积
public:
  Shape(){}
  ~Shape(){}
  Shape(const Shape &other):perimeter(other.perimeter),area(other.area){}
  Shape &operator= (const Shape &other)
  {
      if(this!=&other)
      {
          this->perimeter = other.perimeter;
          this->area = other.area;
      }
      return *this;
  }

    void show()
    {
        cout<<"perimeter = "<<perimeter<<endl;
        cout<<"area = "<<area<<endl;
    }

    int get_perimeter()
    {
        return this->perimeter;
    }

    int get_area()
    {
        return this->area;
    }

    void set_perimeter(int p)
    {
        this->perimeter = p;
    }

    void set_area(int a)
    {
        this->area = a;
    }

};

//定义一个矩形类继承
class Rectangle:public Shape
{
private:
    int wide;
    int high;
public:
    Rectangle(){}
    Rectangle(int w,int h):wide(w),high(h){}
    ~Rectangle(){}
    Rectangle(const Rectangle &other):Shape(other),wide(other.wide),high(other.high){}
    Rectangle & operator= (const Rectangle &other)
    {
        if(this != &other)
        {
            Shape::operator=(other);
            this->wide = other.wide;
            this->high = other.high;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    void show()
    {
        cout<<2*(wide+high)<<endl;
        cout<<wide*high<<endl;
    }

   int get_perimeter()
    {
        this->set_perimeter( 2*(wide+high));
        return Shape::get_perimeter();
    }

    int get_area()
    {
        this->set_area( wide*high);
        return Shape::get_area();
    }
};

//定义一个圆类
class Circle:public Shape
{
private:
    int radius;
public:
    Circle(){}
    Circle(int r):radius(r){}
    ~Circle(){}
    Circle(const Circle &other):Shape(other),radius(other.radius){}
    Circle & operator= (const Circle &other)
    {
        if(this != &other)
        {
            Shape::operator=(other);
            this->radius = other.radius;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    void show()
    {
        cout<<2*3.14*radius<<endl;
        cout<<3.14*radius*radius<<endl;
    }

    int get_perimeter()
     {
         this->set_perimeter( 2*3.14*radius);
         return Shape::get_perimeter();
     }

     int get_area()
     {
         this->set_area( 3.14*radius*radius);
         return Shape::get_area();
     }
};

int main()
{
    Rectangle r1(6,5);
    cout<<r1.get_perimeter()<< "       "<<r1.get_area()<<endl;
//    Circle c1(7);
//    c1.show();
    return 0;
}

课堂代码4

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class  A
{
protected:
    int value_a;

public:
     A() {}
     A(int a):value_a(a) {cout<<"A::有参构造"<<endl;}
     ~A() {cout<<"A::析构函数"<<endl;}
};

//定义一个类B
class B
{
protected:
    int value_a;
    int value_b;
public:
    B() {}
    B(int b):value_b(b) {cout<<"B::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~B() {cout<<"B::析构函数"<<endl;}
};

//定义一个子类由A和B类共同派生出来
class C: public B,public A
{
private:
    int value_c;
public:
    C() {}
    C(int a, int b, int c): B(b), A(a),value_c(c) {cout<<"C::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~C() {cout<<"C::析构函数"<<endl;}

    void show()
    {
        cout<<"value_a = "<<A::value_a<<endl;       //输出的是由类A提供的value_a
        cout<<"value_a = "<<B::value_a<<endl;       //输出的是由类A提供的value_a
        cout<<"    value_b = "<<value_b<<"    value_c = "<<value_c<<endl;
    }
};


int main()
{
    C c(1,2,3);
    c.show();

    return 0;
}

课堂代码5

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class  A              //公共基类
{
protected:
    int value_a;

public:
     A() {cout<<"无::有参构造"<<endl;}
     A(int a):value_a(a) {cout<<"A::有参构造"<<endl;}
     ~A() {cout<<"A::析构函数"<<endl;}
};

//定义一个类B
class B:public A
{
protected:
    int value_b;
public:
    B() {cout<<"B::无参构造"<<endl;}
    B(int a, int b):A(a),value_b(b) {cout<<"B::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~B() {cout<<"B::析构函数"<<endl;}
};

//定义一个子类由A和B类共同派生出来
class C: public A
{
protected:
    int value_c;
public:
    C() {cout<<"C::无参构造"<<endl;}
    C(int a,int c): A(a),value_c(c) {cout<<"C::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~C() {cout<<"C::析构函数"<<endl;}
};


//定义汇聚子类，继承自两个中间子类
class D:public B, public C
{
private:
    int value_d;
public:
    D(){cout<<"D::无参构造"<<endl;}
    D(int a1, int a2, int b, int c, int d):B(a1,b), C(a2,c), value_d(d)
    {cout<<"D::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~D(){cout<<"D::析构函数"<<endl;}

    void show()
    {
        //对于汇聚子类中，就会拥有多份公共基类中的成员
        cout<<"value_a = "<<B::value_a<<endl;
        cout<<"value_a = "<<C::value_a<<endl;
        cout<<"value_b = "<<value_b<<endl;
        cout<<"value_c = "<<value_c<<endl;
        cout<<"value_d = "<<value_d<<endl;
    }
};


int main()
{
    D d(1,2,3,4,5);
    d.show();
    return 0;
}

课堂代码6

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class  A              //公共基类
{
protected:
    int value_a;

public:
     A() {cout<<"A::无参构造"<<endl;}
     A(int a):value_a(a) {cout<<"A::有参构造"<<endl;}
     ~A() {cout<<"A::析构函数"<<endl;}
};

//定义一个类B
class B: virtual public A
{
protected:
    int value_b;
public:
    B() {cout<<"B::无参构造"<<endl;}
    B(int a, int b):A(a),value_b(b) {cout<<"B::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~B() {cout<<"B::析构函数"<<endl;}
};

//定义一个子类由A和B类共同派生出来
class C: virtual public A
{
protected:
    int value_c;
public:
    C() {cout<<"C::无参构造"<<endl;}
    C(int a,int c): A(a),value_c(c) {cout<<"C::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~C() {cout<<"C::析构函数"<<endl;}
};


//定义汇聚子类，继承自两个中间子类
class D:public B, public C
{
private:
    int value_d;
public:
    D(){cout<<"D::无参构造"<<endl;}
    D(int a1, int a2, int b, int c, int d):A(a1), B(a1,b), C(a2,c), value_d(d)
    {cout<<"D::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~D(){cout<<"D::析构函数"<<endl;}

    void show()
    {
        //对于汇聚子类中，就会拥有多份公共基类中的成员
        cout<<"value_a = "<<value_a<<endl;
//        cout<<"value_a = "<<C::value_a<<endl;
        cout<<"value_b = "<<value_b<<endl;
        cout<<"value_c = "<<value_c<<endl;
        cout<<"value_d = "<<value_d<<endl;
    }
};


int main()
{
    D d(1,2,3,4,5);
    d.show();
    return 0;
}

课堂代码7

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//定义父类
class Person
{
protected:
    string name;
    int age;

public:
    Person() {}
    Person(string n, int a):name(n), age(a) {}
    ~Person() {}

    virtual void show()          //该函数就是虚函数
    {
        cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"age = "<<age<<endl;
    }
};


//定义子类
class Stu:public Person
{
private:
    double score;

public:
    Stu() {}
    Stu(string n, int a, double s):Person(n,a), score(s) {}
    ~Stu() {}

    //重写父类中提供的虚函数
    void show()
    {
        cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"age = "<<age<<endl;
        cout<<"score = "<<score<<endl;
    }
};

//定义子类
class Worker:public Person
{
private:
    double salary;        //工资

public:
    Worker() {}
    Worker(string n, int a, double s):Person(n,a), salary(s) {}
    ~Worker() {}

    //重写父类中提供的虚函数
    void show()
    {
        cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"age = "<<age<<endl;
        cout<<"score = "<<salary<<endl;
    }
};


//定义全局函数
void display(Person &s)
{
    s.show();
}





int main()
{
    Stu s1("张三", 18, 99);

    s1.show();            //正常输出子类的show函数

    cout<<"***********************************"<<endl;
    Person *ptr = &s1;
    ptr->show();            //?

    cout<<"***********************************"<<endl;
    Person &ref = s1;
    ref.show();
    
    display(s1);        //传递学生类对象，就会调用学生的相关函数
    
    Worker w1("里斯", 40, 2000);
    display(w1);         //传递的是工人对象，调用的就是工人相关函数


    return 0;
}

课堂代码8

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//定义父类
class Person
{
public:
    string name;
    int age;

public:
    Person() {}
    Person(string n, int a):name(n), age(a) {}
    ~Person() {}

    virtual void show() = 0;          //该函数就是纯虚函数  包含纯虚函数的类称为抽象类

};


//定义子类
class Stu:public Person
{
private:
    double score;

public:
    Stu() {}
    Stu(string n, int a, double s):Person(n,a), score(s) {}
    ~Stu() {}

    //重写父类中提供的虚函数
    void show()
    {
        cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"age = "<<age<<endl;
        cout<<"score = "<<score<<endl;
    }
};

//定义子类
class Worker:public Person
{
private:
    double salary;        //工资

public:
    Worker() {}
    Worker(string n, int a, double s):Person(n,a), salary(s) {}
    ~Worker() {}

    //重写父类中提供的虚函数
    void show()
    {
        cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"age = "<<age<<endl;
        cout<<"score = "<<salary<<endl;
    }
};


//定义全局函数
void display(Person &s)
{
    s.show();
}





int main()
{
    //Person p1;           //抽象类不能实例化对象
    
    
    Stu s1("张三", 18, 99);

    s1.show();            //正常输出子类的show函数

    cout<<"***********************************"<<endl;
    Person *ptr = &s1;
    ptr->show();            //?

    cout<<"***********************************"<<endl;
    Person &ref = s1;
    ref.show();                  //调用的是子类重写的父类的虚函数

    cout<<"***********************************"<<endl;
    ref.Person::show();          //调用的就是父类提供的函数

    cout<<sizeof(Stu)<<endl;
    cout<<"&s1 = "<<&s1<<"     &s1.name = "<<&s1.name<<endl;



    return 0;
}

课堂代码9

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//定义父类
class Person
{
public:
    string name;
    int age;

public:
    Person() {}
    Person(string n, int a):name(n), age(a) {cout<<"Person::有参构造"<<endl;}
    virtual ~Person() {cout<<"Person::析构函数"<<endl;}

    virtual void show() = 0;          //该函数就是纯虚函数  包含纯虚函数的类称为抽象类

};


//定义子类
class Stu:public Person
{
private:
    double score;

public:
    Stu() {}
    Stu(string n, int a, double s):Person(n,a), score(s) {cout<<"Stu::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~Stu() {cout<<"Stu::析构函数"<<endl;}     //虚析构函数，正确指引delete关键字释放空间

    //重写父类中提供的虚函数
    void show()
    {
        cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"age = "<<age<<endl;
        cout<<"score = "<<score<<endl;
    }
};

//定义子类
class Worker:public Person
{
private:
    double salary;        //工资

public:
    Worker() {}
    Worker(string n, int a, double s):Person(n,a), salary(s) {cout<<"Worker::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~Worker() {cout<<"Worker::析构函数"<<endl;}

    //重写父类中提供的虚函数
    void show()
    {
        cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"age = "<<age<<endl;
        cout<<"score = "<<salary<<endl;
    }
};


//定义全局函数
void display(Person &s)
{
    s.show();
}





int main()
{
    Person *ptr = new Stu("张三", 18, 99);     //使用父类指针指向子类空间

    delete ptr;

    return 0;
}

课堂代码

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//定义父类
class Person
{
public:
    string name;
    int age;

public:
    Person() {}
    Person(string n, int a):name(n), age(a) {cout<<"Person::有参构造"<<endl;}
    virtual ~Person() {cout<<"Person::析构函数"<<endl;}

    virtual void show() = 0;          //该函数就是纯虚函数  包含纯虚函数的类称为抽象类

};


//定义子类
class Stu:public Person
{
private:
    double score;

public:
    Stu() {}
    Stu(string n, int a, double s):Person(n,a), score(s) {cout<<"Stu::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~Stu() {cout<<"Stu::析构函数"<<endl;}     //虚析构函数，正确指引delete关键字释放空间

    //重写父类中提供的虚函数
    void show()
    {
        cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"age = "<<age<<endl;
        cout<<"score = "<<score<<endl;
    }
};

//定义子类
class Worker:public Person
{
private:
    double salary;        //工资

public:
    Worker() {}
    Worker(string n, int a, double s):Person(n,a), salary(s) {cout<<"Worker::有参构造"<<endl;}
    ~Worker() {cout<<"Worker::析构函数"<<endl;}

    //重写父类中提供的虚函数
    void show()
    {
        cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;
        cout<<"age = "<<age<<endl;
        cout<<"score = "<<salary<<endl;
    }
};


//定义全局函数
void display(Person &s)
{
    s.show();
}





int main()
{
    Person *ptr = new Stu("张三", 18, 99);     //使用父类指针指向子类空间

    delete ptr;

    return 0;
}

笔记

思维导图