Linux下安装Docker-Compose以及pip升级报错：ImportError: cannot import name main的解决

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Docker-Compose是一个部署多个容器的简单但是非常必要的工具.

安装Docker-Compose之前，请先安装 python-pip

　　安装 python-pip

　　1、首先检查linux有没有安装python-pip包，终端执行 pip -V

1 2	`[root@vm-50-151 network-scripts]# pip -V` `-bash: pip: command not found`

　　2、没有python-pip包就执行命令 yum -y install epel-release

[root@vm-50-151 network-scripts]# yum -y install epel-release

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 129 kB 00:00:05

(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.6 MB 00:00:09

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.163.com

* updates: mirrors.cn99.com

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-9 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

Installing:

epel-release noarch 7-9 extras 14 k

Transaction Summary

Install 1 Package

Total download size: 14 k

Installed size: 24 k

Downloading packages:

epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm | 14 kB 00:00:05

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1

Verifying : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1

Installed:

epel-release.noarch 0:7-9

Complete!

　　3、执行成功之后，再次执行yum -y install python-pip

[root@vm-50-151 network-scripts]# yum install python-pip

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

epel/x86_64/metalink | 7.3 kB 00:00:00

epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00

(1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 261 kB 00:00:01

epel/x86_64/updateinfo FAILED 54% [=============================================- ] 165 kB/s | 3.9 MB 00:00:20 ETA

http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/fedora/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/ed160c344c46b2ec8d800367326ceaf25560b1515a0603a1e33a795b8b6492a1-updateinfo.xml.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/fedora/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/ed160c344c46b2ec8d800367326ceaf25560b1515a0603a1e33a795b8b6492a1-updateinfo.xml.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')

Trying other mirror.

(2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 845 kB 00:00:10

(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:01:05

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net

* extras: mirrors.163.com

* updates: mirrors.cn99.com

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-5.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: python-setuptools for package: python2-pip-8.1.2-5.el7.noarch

--> Running transaction check

---> Package python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname for package: python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch

--> Running transaction check

---> Package python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.4.0.2-4.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: python-backports for package: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch

--> Running transaction check

---> Package python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

Package Arch Version Repository Size

Installing:

python2-pip noarch 8.1.2-5.el7 epel 1.7 M

Installing for dependencies:

python-backports x86_64 1.0-8.el7 base 5.8 k

python-backports-ssl_match_hostname noarch 3.4.0.2-4.el7 base 12 k

python-setuptools noarch 0.9.8-7.el7 base 397 k

Transaction Summary

Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 2.1 M

Installed size: 9.1 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/python2-pip-8.1.2-5.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY===========- ] 0.0 B/s | 1.3 MB --:--:-- ETA

Public key for python2-pip-8.1.2-5.el7.noarch.rpm is not installed

(1/4): python2-pip-8.1.2-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.7 MB 00:00:00

(2/4): python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 5.8 kB 00:00:05

(3/4): python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch.rpm | 397 kB 00:00:05

(4/4): python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 12 kB 00:00:06

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 302 kB/s | 2.1 MB 00:00:07

Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

Importing GPG key 0x352C64E5:

Userid : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>"

Fingerprint: 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5

Package : epel-release-7-9.noarch (@extras)

From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 1/4

Installing : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch 2/4

Installing : python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch 3/4

Installing : python2-pip-8.1.2-5.el7.noarch 4/4

Verifying : python2-pip-8.1.2-5.el7.noarch 1/4

Verifying : python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch 2/4

Verifying : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 3/4

Verifying : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch 4/4

Installed:

python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-5.el7

Dependency Installed:

python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.4.0.2-4.el7 python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7

Complete!

　　4、对安装好的pip进行升级 pip install --upgrade pip

[root@vm-50-151 network-scripts]# pip install --upgrade pip

Collecting pip

Downloading pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)

100% |?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..| 1.3MB 135kB/s

Installing collected packages: pip

Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2

Uninstalling pip-8.1.2:

Successfully uninstalled pip-8.1.2

Successfully installed pip-9.0.1

　　至此，pip安装好了，执行pip -V 再次检查pip环境。

1 2	`[root@vm-50-151 network-scripts]# pip -V` `pip 9.0.1` `from` `/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)`

如果在此处报错： ImportError: cannot import name main

解决方案：

后来发现是因为将pip更新为10.0.0后库里面的函数有所变动造成这个问题。解决方法如下：

方法一：

sudo gedit /usr/bin/pip

将原来的

from pip import main

改为

from pip._internal import main

方法二：

sudo gedit /usr/bin/pip

将原来的：

    from pip import main
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        sys.exit(main())

改为：

    from pip import __main__
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        sys.exit(__main__._main())

就可以了，注意__main__左右的下划线是两个下划线，很多同学不成功的原因是因为只写了一个下划线。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　安装Docker-Compose

　　1.终端执行：pip install docker-compose

1	`报错：ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Read timed` `out`

　　解决：pip --default-timeout=200 install -U docker-compose

[root@vm-50-151 network-scripts]# pip --default-timeout=200 install -U docker-compose

Collecting docker-compose

Using cached docker_compose-1.17.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting websocket-client<1.0,>=0.32.0 (from docker-compose)

Using cached websocket_client-0.44.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting requests!=2.11.0,<2.12,>=2.6.1 (from docker-compose)

Downloading requests-2.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (514kB)

100% |?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..| 522kB 832kB/s

Collecting PyYAML<4,>=3.10 (from docker-compose)

Downloading PyYAML-3.12.tar.gz (253kB)

100% |?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..| 256kB 1.7MB/s

Collecting dockerpty<0.5,>=0.4.1 (from docker-compose)

Downloading dockerpty-0.4.1.tar.gz

Collecting ipaddress>=1.0.16; python_version < "3.3" (from docker-compose)

Downloading ipaddress-1.0.18-py2-none-any.whl

Collecting docopt<0.7,>=0.6.1 (from docker-compose)

Downloading docopt-0.6.2.tar.gz

Collecting backports.ssl-match-hostname>=3.5; python_version < "3.5" (from docker-compose)

Downloading backports.ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1.tar.gz

Collecting enum34<2,>=1.0.4; python_version < "3.4" (from docker-compose)

Downloading enum34-1.1.6-py2-none-any.whl

Collecting texttable<0.10,>=0.9.0 (from docker-compose)

Downloading texttable-0.9.1.tar.gz

Collecting cached-property<2,>=1.2.0 (from docker-compose)

Downloading cached_property-1.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting docker<3.0,>=2.5.1 (from docker-compose)

Downloading docker-2.6.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (117kB)

100% |?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..| 122kB 2.8MB/s

Collecting jsonschema<3,>=2.5.1 (from docker-compose)

Downloading jsonschema-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting six<2,>=1.3.0 (from docker-compose)

Downloading six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting docker-pycreds>=0.2.1 (from docker<3.0,>=2.5.1->docker-compose)

Downloading docker_pycreds-0.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting functools32; python_version == "2.7" (from jsonschema<3,>=2.5.1->docker-compose)

Downloading functools32-3.2.3-2.zip

Installing collected packages: six, websocket-client, requests, PyYAML, dockerpty, ipaddress, docopt, backports.ssl-match-hostname, enum34, texttable, cached-property, docker-pycreds, docker, functools32, jsonschema, docker-compose

Found existing installation: six 1.9.0

Uninstalling six-1.9.0:

Successfully uninstalled six-1.9.0

Running setup.py install for PyYAML ... done

Running setup.py install for dockerpty ... done

Running setup.py install for docopt ... done

Found existing installation: backports.ssl-match-hostname 3.4.0.2

Uninstalling backports.ssl-match-hostname-3.4.0.2:

Successfully uninstalled backports.ssl-match-hostname-3.4.0.2

Running setup.py install for backports.ssl-match-hostname ... done

Running setup.py install for texttable ... done

Running setup.py install for functools32 ... done

Successfully installed PyYAML-3.12 backports.ssl-match-hostname-3.5.0.1 cached-property-1.3.1 docker-2.6.1 docker-compose-1.17.1 docker-pycreds-0.2.1 dockerpty-0.4.1 docopt-0.6.2 enum34-1.1.6 functools32-3.2.3.post2 ipaddress-1.0.18 jsonschema-2.6.0 requests-2.11.1 six-1.11.0 texttable-0.9.1 websocket-client-0.44.0

　　检查docker-compose 安装：docker-compose -version