SpringMVC中数据绑定

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-07 10:36:10 发布

W厚积薄发

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-07 10:36:10 发布

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分类专栏： SpringMVC 文章标签： SpringMVC 数据绑定

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Altitude_/article/details/102562893

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本文详细介绍了SpringMVC框架中各种参数绑定的方法，包括基本数据类型、POJO对象、嵌套对象及自定义数据类型的绑定过程。从配置环境、定义控制器到实现不同场景的参数传递，提供了全面的指南。

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1. 导入springmvc开发所需要jar包，spring的5个核心jar包，还有spring-web的两个jar包，因为要使用注解开发，所以需要spring-aop jar包。

2. 配置web.xml文件，使得在访问路径的时候，加载springmvc配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  	<!-- 初始化加载配置文件 -->
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  		<param-value>classpath:springmvc-config3.xml</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  	<!-- 在服务器启动的时候加载Sevlet -->
  	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!-- 配置编码过滤器 -->
  <filter>
  	<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>
  		org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
  	</filter-class>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>encoding</param-name>
  		<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

3.配置springmvc-config.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wx"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    	<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
    	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

4. 定义控制器类Controller

package com.wx.controller;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.wx.domain.Order;
import com.wx.domain.User;


@Controller
public class ThirdController{

	
	/**
	 * 请求参数绑定
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getQingQiuCanShu")
	public ModelAndView getCanShu(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse reponse){
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+username);
		return model;
	}
	
}

5. 执行程序，在浏览器中输入地址，并且拼接参数

这个时候，访问ThirdController中getCanShu方法，通过request获取请求参数

6 在ThirdController中添加另外一种请求参数绑定，改变之后的代码

package com.wx.controller;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.wx.domain.Order;
import com.wx.domain.User;


@Controller
public class ThirdController{
	
	/**
	 * 请求参数绑定
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getQingQiuCanShu")
	public ModelAndView getCanShu(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse reponse){
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+username);
		return model;
	}
	/**
	 * 简单数据类型绑定
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getSimpleQingQiuCanShu")
	public ModelAndView getSimpleCanShu(String username){
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+username);
		return model;
	}
	
}

在浏览器输入地址后，结果如下：

7. 接收pojo请求参数对象，需要在controller新添加方法接口

package com.wx.controller;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.wx.domain.Order;
import com.wx.domain.User;


@Controller
public class ThirdController{

	
	/**
	 * 请求参数绑定
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getQingQiuCanShu")
	public ModelAndView getCanShu(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse reponse){
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+username);
		return model;
	}
	/**
	 * 简单数据类型绑定
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getSimpleQingQiuCanShu")
	public ModelAndView getSimpleCanShu(String username){
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+username);
		return model;
	}
	/**
	 * POJO请求参数
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getPOJOQingQiuCanShu")
	public ModelAndView getPOJOCanShu(User user){
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+user);
		return model;
	}
	
	
}

在创建User对应的类，代码如下

package com.wx.domain;

public class User {
	private String username;
	private String password;
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [username=" + username + ", password=" + password + "]";
	}
	
}

新建jsp文件

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
  </head>
  
  <body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/getPOJOQingQiuCanShu" method="post">
    	用户名：<input type="text" name = "username"><br/>
    	密&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;码：<input type="password" name = "password"><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

在jsp文件中name的名字，对应User对象中的属性名。界面提交如下：

后台结果：

8 如果绑定的参数中一个对象绑定另一个对象。例如在一个订单可以有多个用户，一个用户可以有多个订单。创建Order对象，在Order对象中包含User对象。

package com.wx.domain;

public class Order {
	private Integer id;
	private User user;
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}
	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Order [id=" + id + ", user=" + user + "]";
	}

}

controller中添加新的接口方法：

package com.wx.controller;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.wx.domain.Order;
import com.wx.domain.User;


@Controller
public class ThirdController{
	
	/**
	 * 请求参数绑定
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getQingQiuCanShu")
	public ModelAndView getCanShu(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse reponse){
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+username);
		return model;
	}
	/**
	 * 简单数据类型绑定
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getSimpleQingQiuCanShu")
	public ModelAndView getSimpleCanShu(String username){
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+username);
		return model;
	}
	/**
	 * POJO请求参数
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getPOJOQingQiuCanShu")
	public ModelAndView getPOJOCanShu(User user){
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+user);
		return model;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 嵌套数据类型访问
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getOrderAndUser")
	public ModelAndView getOrderAndUser(Order order){
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.setViewName("success");
		System.out.println("username:"+order);
		return model;
	}
	
	
}

编写jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
  </head>
  
  <body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/getOrderAndUser" method="post">
    	订单号：<input type="text" name = "id"><br/>
    	用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;户：<input type="text" name = "user.username"><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

在jsp中，用户的参数希望绑定到User对象中的username上，所以name=“user.username”，其中user是order中的属性，username是User中的属性。

接下来编写跳转到jsp页面下的接口，因为jsp页面在/WEB-INF/jsp/目录下，直接访问不到，需要使用视图解析器，也就是通过Controller来访问jsp对象。

package com.wx.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;


@Controller
public class LoginController {
	@RequestMapping(value="/findOrderJsp")
	public ModelAndView findOrderJsp(){
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		mav.setViewName("order");
		return mav;
	}
}

执行界面如下：

执行结果：

9.自定义数据绑定（日期数据类型绑定）

创建自定义数据转换类

package com.wx.convert;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;


public class DateConvert implements Converter<String,Date>{
	
	private String simpleFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
	@Override
	public Date convert(String stringDate) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		try{
			return new SimpleDateFormat(simpleFormat).parse(stringDate);
		}catch(ParseException e){
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("无效的日期格式，请使用这种格式："+simpleFormat);
		}
	}

}

然后再springmvc-config.xml中配置自定义转换类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wx"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    	<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
    	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 显示装配自定义转换器 -->
   	<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>
   	<!-- 自定义类型转换器配置 -->
   	<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
   		<property name="converters">
   			<set>
   				<bean class="com.wx.convert.DateConvert"/>
   			</set>
   		</property>
   	</bean>
</beans>

界面调用：

控制台打印：

10 . 采用Formatter 进行数据类型绑定

创建DateFormatter类，对时间参数进行转换

package com.wx.convert;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.springframework.format.Formatter;

public class DateFormatter implements Formatter<Date>{

	String dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss";
	private SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat);	
	@Override
	public String print(Date date, Locale arg1) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return simpleDateFormat.format(date);
	}

	@Override
	public Date parse(String date, Locale arg1) throws ParseException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return simpleDateFormat.parse(date);
	}

}

配置spring配置文件，开启数据类型转换

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wx"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    	<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
    	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 显示装配自定义转换器 -->
   	<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>
   	<!-- 自定义类型转换器配置 -->
   	<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">
   		<property name="formatters">
   			<set>
   				<bean class="com.wx.convert.DateFormatter"/>
   			</set>
   		</property>
   	</bean>
</beans>