Nginx 配置
Nginx (“engine x”) 是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP服务器。Nginx是一款轻量级的Web 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件(IMAP/POP3)代理服务器,并在一个BSD-like 协议下发行的。
1.准备工作
# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
# yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
# yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
2.下载并安装
# mkdir nginx-src && cd nginx-src
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.3.tar.gz
# tar xzf nginx-1.7.3.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.7.3
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx
跳转至安装路径,查看安装版本
# ./nginx -h
启动
nginx
停止
nginx -s stop
3.Nginx常用功能 摘抄自张书豪
1.Http代理,反向代理
Nginx在做反向代理时,提供性能稳定,并且能够提供配置灵活的转发功能。Nginx可以根据不同的正则匹配,采取不同的转发策略,比如图片文件结尾的走文件服务器,动态页面走web服务器,只要你正则写的没问题,又有相对应的服务器解决方案,你就可以随心所欲的玩。并且Nginx对返回结果进行错误页跳转,异常判断等。如果被分发的服务器存在异常,他可以将请求重新转发给另外一台服务器,然后自动去除异常服务器。
2.负载均衡
Nginx提供的负载均衡策略有2种:内置策略和扩展策略。内置策略为轮询,加权轮询,Ip hash。扩展策略,就天马行空
Ip hash算法,对客户端请求的ip进行hash操作,然后根据hash结果将同一个客户端ip的请求分发给同一台服务器进行处理,可以解决session不共享的问题。
3.web缓存
ginx可以对不同的文件做不同的缓存处理,配置灵活,并且支持FastCGI_Cache,主要用于对FastCGI的动态程序进行缓存。配合着第三方的ngx_cache_purge,对制定的URL缓存内容可以的进行增删管理。
4.Nginx 配置文件结构
apache的配置文件,它的相对比较清晰和简单,之前觉得很难,现在沉下心来想想,其实很简单。大致的分块下,基本就分为以下几块:
main
events {
....
}
http {
....
upstream myproject {
.....
}
server {
....
location {
....
}
}
server {
....
location {
....
}
}
....
}
nginx配置文件主要分为六个区域:
main(全局设置)、events(nginx工作模式)、http(http设置)、
sever(主机设置)、location(URL匹配)、upstream(负载均衡服务器设置)。
下面粘贴一张真实用例。
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
error_log logs/error.log notice;
error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name alan.com;
#charset koi8-r;
# access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location = /hello.html {
index hello.html;
}
location /rtis-ois {
proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding 'gzip';
proxy_set_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin '*';
proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/RTIS-OIS-0.0.1;
}
location /diocm-viewer {
proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding 'gzip';
proxy_set_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin '*';
proxy_pass http://139.217.25.228:8080/dicom-viewer;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
#listen 8081;
# listen 127.0.0.1:8080;
#server_name a.alan.com;
#access_log /usr/local/nginx/a.alan.com.log main;
#root /usr/data/a.alan.com
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
}
}