Android开发的艺术:插件化框架Virtual APK实现原理解析

// 创建 一个dexClassLoader

this.mClassLoader = createClassLoader(context, apk, this.mNativeLibDir, context.getClassLoader());

tryToCopyNativeLib(apk);

// Cache instrumentations

Map<ComponentName, InstrumentationInfo> instrumentations = new HashMap<ComponentName, InstrumentationInfo>();

for (PackageParser.Instrumentation instrumentation : this.mPackage.instrumentation) {

instrumentations.put(instrumentation.getComponentName(), instrumentation.info);

}

this.mInstrumentationInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(instrumentations);

this.mPackageInfo.instrumentation = instrumentations.values().toArray(new InstrumentationInfo[instrumentations.size()]);

// Cache activities

// 保存插件apk的Activity信息

Map<ComponentName, ActivityInfo> activityInfos = new HashMap<ComponentName, ActivityInfo>();

for (PackageParser.Activity activity : this.mPackage.activities) {

activity.info.metaData = activity.metaData;

activityInfos.put(activity.getComponentName(), activity.info);

}

this.mActivityInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(activityInfos);

this.mPackageInfo.activities = activityInfos.values().toArray(new ActivityInfo[activityInfos.size()]);

// Cache services

// 保存插件apk的Service信息

Map<ComponentName, ServiceInfo> serviceInfos = new HashMap<ComponentName, ServiceInfo>();

for (PackageParser.Service service : this.mPackage.services) {

serviceInfos.put(service.getComponentName(), service.info);

}

this.mServiceInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(serviceInfos);

this.mPackageInfo.services = serviceInfos.values().toArray(new ServiceInfo[serviceInfos.size()]);

// Cache providers

// 保存插件apk的ContentProvider信息

Map<String, ProviderInfo> providers = new HashMap<String, ProviderInfo>();

Map<ComponentName, ProviderInfo> providerInfos = new HashMap<ComponentName, ProviderInfo>();

for (PackageParser.Provider provider : this.mPackage.providers) {

providers.put(provider.info.authority, provider.info);

providerInfos.put(provider.getComponentName(), provider.info);

}

this.mProviders = Collections.unmodifiableMap(providers);

this.mProviderInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(providerInfos);

this.mPackageInfo.providers = providerInfos.values().toArray(new ProviderInfo[providerInfos.size()]);

// 将所有静态注册的广播全部改为动态注册

Map<ComponentName, ActivityInfo> receivers = new HashMap<ComponentName, ActivityInfo>();

for (PackageParser.Activity receiver : this.mPackage.receivers) {

receivers.put(receiver.getComponentName(), receiver.info);

BroadcastReceiver br = BroadcastReceiver.class.cast(getClassLoader().loadClass(receiver.getComponentName().getClassName()).newInstance());

for (PackageParser.ActivityIntentInfo aii : receiver.intents) {

this.mHostContext.registerReceiver(br, aii);

}

}

this.mReceiverInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(receivers);

this.mPackageInfo.receivers = receivers.values().toArray(new ActivityInfo[receivers.size()]);

// try to invoke plugin’s application

// 创建插件apk的Application对象

invokeApplication();

}

2.2 Activity的启动处理及生命周期管理

Virtual APK启动插件APK中Activity的整体方案:

  1. Hook Instrumentaion 和主线程Halder的callback,在重要启动过程节点对Intent或Activity进行替换

  2. 在宿主APP中预先设置一些插桩Activity,这些插桩Activity并不会真正的启动,而是对AMS进行欺骗。如果启动的Activity是插件APK中的,则根据该Actiivty的启动模式选择合适的插桩Activity, AMS在启动阶段对插桩Activity处理后,在创建Activity实例阶段,实际创建插件APK中要启动的Activity。

  • 2.2.1 插桩Activity的声明:

插桩Activity有很多个,挑一些看一下:

<activity android:exported=“false” android:name=“.A$2” android:launchMode=“standard”

android:theme=“@android:style/Theme.Translucent” />

  • 2.2.2 hook Instrumentation
  1. 将系统提供的Instrumentation替换为自定义的VAInstrumentation,将主线程Handler的Callback也替换为VAInstrumentation(VAInstrumentation 实现了Handler.Callback接口)

protected void hookInstrumentationAndHandler() {

try {

// 获取当前进程的activityThread

ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.currentActivityThread();

// 获取当前进程的Instrumentation

Instrumentation baseInstrumentation = activityThread.getInstrumentation();

// 创建自定义Instrumentation

final VAInstrumentation instrumentation = createInstrumentation(baseInstrumentation);

// 将当前进程原有的Instrumentation对象替换为自定义的

Reflector.with(activityThread).field(“mInstrumentation”).set(instrumentation);

// 将当前进程原有的主线程Hander的callback替换为自定义的

Handler mainHandler = Reflector.with(activityThread).method(“getHandler”).call();

Reflector.with(mainHandler).field(“mCallback”).set(instrumentation);

this.mInstrumentation = instrumentation;

Log.d(TAG, "hookInstrumentationAndHandler succeed : " + mInstrumentation);

} catch (Exception e) {

Log.w(TAG, e);

}

}

  • 2.2.3 启动Activity时对AMS进行欺骗

如果我们熟悉Activity启动流程的话,我们一定知道Activity的启动和生命周期管理,都间接通过Instrumentation进行管理的。–如果不熟悉也没关系,可以看我之前写的AMS系列文章,看完保证秒懂(雾)。VAInstrumentation重写了这个类的一些重要方法,我们根据Activity启动流程一个一个说

  • 2.2.3.1 execStartActivity

这个方法有很多个重载,挑其中一个:

public ActivityResult execStartActivity(Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target, Intent intent, int requestCode) {

// 对原始Intent进行处理

injectIntent(intent);

return mBase.execStartActivity(who, contextThread, token, target, intent, requestCode);

}

injectIntent方法对Intent的处理在ComponentsHandler#markIntentIfNeeded方法,对原始Intent进行解析,获取目标Actiivty的包名和类名,如果目标Activity的包名和当前进程不同且该包名对应的LoadedPlugin对象存在,则说明它是我们加载过的插件APK中的Activity,则对该Intent的目标进行替换:

public void markIntentIfNeeded(Intent intent) {

String targetPackageName = intent.getComponent().getPackageName();

String targetClassName = intent.getComponent().getClassName();

// 判断是否需要启动的是插件Apk的Activity

if (!targetPackageName.equals(mContext.getPackageName()) && mPluginManager.getLoadedPlugin(targetPackageName) != null) {

// 将原始Intent的目标Acitivy替换为预设的插桩Activity中的一个

dispatchStubActivity(intent);

}

}

dispatchStubActivity方法根据原始Intent的启动模式选择合适的插桩Activity,将原始Intent中的类名修改为插桩Activity的类名,示例代码:

case ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP: {

usedSingleTopStubActivity = usedSingleTopStubActivity % MAX_COUNT_SINGLETOP + 1;

stubActivity = String.format(STUB_ACTIVITY_SINGLETOP, corePackage, usedSingleTopStubActivity);

break;

}

case ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK: {

usedSingleTaskStubActivity = usedSingleTaskStubActivity % MAX_COUNT_SINGLETASK + 1;

stubActivity = String.format(STUB_ACTIVITY_SINGLETASK, corePackage, usedSingleTaskStubActivity);

break;

}

case ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE: {

usedSingleInstanceStubActivity = usedSingleInstanceStubActivity % MAX_COUNT_SINGLEINSTANCE + 1;

stubActivity = String.format(STUB_ACTIVITY_SINGLEINSTANCE, corePackage, usedSingleInstanceStubActivity);

break;

}

  • 2.2.3.2 newActivity

如果只是对原始Intent进行替换,那么最终启动的会是插桩Activity,这显然达不到启动插件Apk中Acitivty的目的,在Activity实例创建阶段,还需要对实际创建的Actiivty进行替换,方法在VAInstrumentation#newActivity:

@Override

public Activity newActivity(ClassLoader cl, String className, Intent intent) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {

try {

cl.loadClass(className);

Log.i(TAG, String.format(“newActivity[%s]”, className));

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

ComponentName component = PluginUtil.getComponent(intent);

String targetClassName = component.getClassName();

Log.i(TAG, String.format(“newActivity[%s : %s/%s]”, className, component.getPackageName(), targetClassName));

LoadedPlugin plugin = this.mPluginManager.getLoadedPlugin(component);

// 使用在LoadedPlugin对象中创建的DexClassLoader进行类加载,该ClassLoader指向插件APK所在路径

Activity activity = mBase.newActivity(plugin.getClassLoader(), targetClassName, intent);

activity.setIntent(intent);

// 插件Activity实例创建后,将Resource替换为插件APK的资源

Reflector.QuietReflector.with(activity).field(“mResources”).set(plugin.getResources());

return newActivity(activity);

}

return newActivity(mBase.newActivity(cl, className, intent));

}

如果我们启动的是插件APK里的Activity,这个方法的Catch语句块是一定会被执行的,因为入参className已经被替换为插桩Activity的,但是我们只是在宿主App的AndroidManifest.xml中定义了这些Actiivty,并没有真正的实现。在进入Catch语句块后,使用LoadedPlugin中保存的DexClassloader进行Activity的创建。

  • 2.2.3.3 AMS对插件APK中的Activity管理

看到这里,可能就会有同学有问题了,你把要启动的Activity给替换了,但是AMS中不是还记录的是插桩Actiivty么,那么这个Activity实例后续跟AMS的交互怎么办?那岂不是在AMS中的记录找不到了?放心,不会出现这个问题的。复习之前AMS系列文章我们就会知道,AMS中对Activity管理的依据是一个叫appToken的Binder实例,在客户端对应的token会在Instrumentation#newActivity执行完成后调用Activity#attach方法传递给Actiivty。

这也是为什么对AMS进行欺骗这种插件化方案可行的原因,因为后续管理是使用的token,如果Android使用className之类的来管理的话,恐怕这种方案就不太好实现了。

  • 2.2.3.4 替换Context、applicaiton、Resources

在系统创建插件Activity的Context创建完成之后,需要将其替换为PluginContext,PluginContext和Context的区别是其内部保存有一个LoadedPlugin对象,方便对Context中的资源进行替换。代码在VAInstrumentaiton#injectActivity,调用处在VAInstrumentaiton#callActivityOnCreate

protected void injectActivity(Activity activity) {

final Intent intent = activity.getIntent();

if (PluginUtil.isIntentFromPlugin(intent)) {

Context base = activity.getBaseContext();

try {

LoadedPlugin plugin = this.mPluginManager.getLoadedPlugin(intent);

Reflector.with(base).field(“mResources”).set(plugin.getResources());

Reflector reflector = Reflector.with(activity);

reflector.field(“mBase”).set(plugin.createPluginContext(activity.getBaseContext()));

reflector.field(“mApplication”).set(plugin.getApplication());

// set screenOrientation

ActivityInfo activityInfo = plugin.getActivityInfo(PluginUtil.getComponent(intent));

if (activityInfo.screenOrientation != ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED) {

activity.setRequestedOrientation(activityInfo.screenOrientation);

}

// for native activity

ComponentName component = PluginUtil.getComponent(intent);

Intent wrapperIntent = new Intent(intent);

wrapperIntent.setClassName(component.getPackageName(), component.getClassName());

wrapperIntent.setExtrasClassLoader(activity.getClassLoader());

activity.setIntent(wrapperIntent);

} catch (Exception e) {

Log.w(TAG, e);

}

}

}

2.3 Service的处理

Virtual APK启动插件APK中Activity的整体方案:

  1. 使用动态代理代理宿主APP中所有关于Service的请求

  2. 判断是否为插件APK中的Service,如果不是,则说明为宿主 APP中的,直接打开即可

  3. 如果是插件APK中的Service,则判断是否为远端Service,如果是远端Service,则启动RemoteService,并在其StartCommand方法中根据所代理的生命周期方法进行处理

  4. 如果是本地Service,则启动LocalService,并在其StartCommand方法中根据所代理的生命周期方法进行处理

  • 2.3.1 插件化框架初始化时代理系统的IActivityManager

IActivityManager是AMS的实现接口,它的实现类分别是ActivityManagerService和其proxy

这里我们需要代理的是Proxy,实现方法在PluginManager#hookSystemServices

protected void hookSystemServices() {

try {

Singleton<IActivityManager对象> defaultSingleton;

// 获取IActivityManager对象

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {

defaultSingleton = Reflector.on(ActivityManager.class).field(“IActivityManagerSingleton”).get();

} else {

defaultSingleton = Reflector.on(ActivityManagerNative.class).field(“gDefault”).get();

}

IActivityManager origin = defaultSingleton.get();

// 创建activityManager对象的动态代理

IActivityManager activityManager对象的动态代理 = (IActivityManager) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mContext.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { IActivityManager.class },

createActivityManagerProxy(origin));

// 使用动态代理替换之前的IActivityManager对象实例

Reflector.with(defaultSingleton).field(“mInstance”).set(activityManagerProxy);

if (defaultSingleton.get() == activityManagerProxy) {

this.mActivityManager = activityManagerProxy;

Log.d(TAG, "hookSystemServices succeed : " + mActivityManager);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

Log.w(TAG, e);

}

}

通过将动态代理对系统创建的ActivityManager的proxy进行替换,这样,调用AMS方法时,会转到ActivityManagerProxy的invoke方法,并根据方法名对Service的生命周期进行管理,生命周期方法较多,挑选其中一个:

@Override

public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {

if (“startService”.equals(method.getName())) {

try {

return startService(proxy, method, args);

} catch (Throwable e) {

Log.e(TAG, “Start service error”, e);

}

}

startService:

protected Object startService(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {

IApplicationThread appThread = (IApplicationThread) args[0];

Intent target = (Intent) args[1];

ResolveInfo resolveInfo = this.mPluginManager.resolveService(target, 0);

if (null == resolveInfo || null == resolveInfo.serviceInfo) {

// 插件中没找到,说明是宿主APP自己的Service

return method.invoke(this.mActivityManager, args);

}

// 启动插件APK中的Service

return startDelegateServiceForTarget(target, resolveInfo.serviceInfo, null, RemoteService.EXTRA_COMMAND_START_SERVICE);

}

startDelegateServiceForTarget中会调用wrapperTargetIntent处理,最终在RemoteService或者LocalService的onStartCommand中对Service的各生命周期处理。

需要注意的是,在RemoteService中需要重新对APK进行解析和装载,生成LoadedPlugin,因为它运行在另一个进程中。

这也说明插件APK的Service进程如果声明了多个是无效的,因为他们最终都会运行在宿主RemoteService所在进程。

2.4 ContentProvider的处理

ContentProvicer的处理和Service是类似的,不多说了。

三、插件App的实现

======================================================================

插件APP理论上并不需要做什么特殊处理,唯一需要注意的是资源文件的冲突问题,因此,需要在插件工程app目录下的build.gradle中添加如下代码:

virtualApk {

packageId = 0x6f // the package id of Resources.

targetHost = ‘…/…/VirtualAPK/app’ // the path of application module in host project.

applyHostMapping = true //optional, default value: true.

}

它的作用是在插件APK编译时对资源ID进行重写,处理方法在ResourceCollector.groovy文件的collect方法:

def collect() {

//1、First, collect all resources by parsing the R symbol file.

parseResEntries(allRSymbolFile, allResources, allStyleables)

//2、Then, collect host resources by parsing the host apk R symbol file, should be stripped.

parseResEntries(hostRSymbolFile, hostResources, hostStyleables)

//3、Compute the resources that should be retained in the plugin apk.

filterPluginResources()

//4、Reassign the resource ID. If the resource entry exists in host apk, the reassign ID

// should be same with value in host apk; If the resource entry is owned by plugin project,

// then we should recalculate the ID value.

reassignPluginResourceId()

//5、Collect all the resources in the retained AARs, to regenerate the R java file that uses the new resource ID

vaContext.retainedAarLibs.each {

gatherReservedAarResources(it)

}

}

首先获取插件app和宿主app的资源集合,然后寻找其中冲突的资源id进行修改,修改id是 reassignPluginResourceId方法:

private void reassignPluginResourceId() {

// 对资源ID根据typeId进行排序

resourceIdList.sort { t1, t2 ->

t1.typeId - t2.typeId

}

int lastType = 1

// 重写资源ID

resourceIdList.each {

if (it.typeId < 0) {

return

}

def typeId = 0

def entryId = 0

typeId = lastType++

pluginResources.get(it.resType).each {

it.setNewResourceId(virtualApk.packageId, typeId, entryId++)

}

}

}

这里要说一下资源ID的组成:

资源ID是一个32位的16进制整数,前8位代表app, 接下来8位代表typeId(string、layout、id等),从01开始累加,后面四位为资源id,从0000开始累加。随便反编译了一个apk,看一下其中一部分的结构:

对资源ID的遍历使用了双重循环,外层循环从01开始对typeId进行遍历,内层循环从0000开始对typeId对应的资源ID进行遍历,并且在内层循环调用setNewResourceId进行重写:

public void setNewResourceId(packageId, typeId, entryId) {

newResourceId = packageId << 24 | typeId << 16 | entryId

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