python 运维工程师常用脚本，建议收藏

1. 系统监控

1.1 CPU 使用率监控

import psutil
import time
def monitor_cpu_usage(interval=1):
    while True:
        cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=interval)
        print(f"CPU Usage: {cpu_percent}%")
        time.sleep(interval)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    monitor_cpu_usage(interval=5)

1.2 内存使用率监控

import psutil
import time
def monitor_memory_usage(interval=1):
    while True:
        mem_info = psutil.virtual_memory()
        print(f"Total Memory: {mem_info.total / (1024 ** 3):.2f} GB")
        print(f"Available Memory: {mem_info.available / (1024 ** 3):.2f} GB")
        print(f"Memory Usage: {mem_info.percent}%")
        time.sleep(interval)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    monitor_memory_usage(interval=5)

2. 日志分析

2.1 日志文件解析

import re
def parse_log_file(log_file):
    pattern = r'\[(?P\d{2}/\w{3}/\d{4}:\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})\] \[(?P\w+)\] (?P.*)'
    with open(log_file, 'r') as file:
        for line in file:
            match = re.match(pattern, line)
            if match:
                timestamp = match.group('timestamp')
                level = match.group('level')
                message = match.group('message')
                print(f"Timestamp: {timestamp}, Level: {level}, Message: {message}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    log_file = "/var/log/syslog"
    parse_log_file(log_file)

3. 文件备份

3.1 定时备份文件

import os
import shutil
import time
def backup_file(source_file, backup_dir, interval=3600):
    while True:
        timestamp = time.strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
        backup_file = os.path.join(backup_dir, f"{timestamp}_{os.path.basename(source_file)}")
        shutil.copy2(source_file, backup_file)
        print(f"Backup created: {backup_file}")
        time.sleep(interval)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    source_file = "/path/to/source/file"
    backup_dir = "/path/to/backup/directory"
    backup_file(source_file, backup_dir, interval=3600)

4. 系统更新

4.1 自动化系统更新
import subprocess
def update_system():
    print("Updating system...")
    subprocess.run(['sudo', 'apt-get', 'update'])
    subprocess.run(['sudo', 'apt-get', 'upgrade', '-y'])
    print("System updated successfully.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    update_system()

5. 网络监控

5.1 网络流量监控
import psutil
import time
def monitor_network_traffic(interval=1):
    while True:
        net_info = psutil.net_io_counters()
        bytes_sent = net_info.bytes_sent
        bytes_recv = net_info.bytes_recv
        print(f"Bytes Sent: {bytes_sent}, Bytes Received: {bytes_recv}")
        time.sleep(interval)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    monitor_network_traffic(interval=5)

6. 系统服务管理

6.1 启动和停止服务

import subprocess
def manage_service(service_name, action):
    if action == "start":
        subprocess.run(['sudo', 'systemctl', 'start', service_name])
        print(f"Service '{service_name}' started.")
    elif action == "stop":
        subprocess.run(['sudo', 'systemctl', 'stop', service_name])
        print(f"Service '{service_name}' stopped.")
    else:
        print("Invalid action. Use 'start' or 'stop'.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    service_name = "nginx"
    manage_service(service_name, "start")
    manage_service(service_name, "stop")

7. 系统重启

7.1 自动重启系统

import subprocess
def reboot_system():
    print("Rebooting system...")
    subprocess.run(['sudo', 'reboot'])
if __name__ == "__main__":
    reboot_system()

8. 用户管理

8.1 添加和删除用户

import subprocess
def manage_user(username, action):
    if action == "add":
        subprocess.run(['sudo', 'useradd', username])
        print(f"User '{username}' added.")
    elif action == "remove":
        subprocess.run(['sudo', 'userdel', '-r', username])
        print(f"User '{username}' removed.")
    else:
        print("Invalid action. Use 'add' or 'remove'.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    username = "newuser"
    manage_user(username, "add")
    manage_user(username, "remove")

9. 系统日志管理

9.1 清理日志文件

import os
def clean_logs(directory):
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
        for file in files:
            if file.endswith(".log"):
                file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
                with open(file_path, 'w') as f:
                    f.truncate(0)
                    print(f"Log file '{file_path}' cleared.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    log_directory = "/var/log"
    clean_logs(log_directory)

10. 系统资源监控

10.1 综合监控脚本

import psutil
import time
def monitor_system(interval=1):
    while True:
        cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=interval)
        mem_info = psutil.virtual_memory()
        net_info = psutil.net_io_counters()
        print(f"CPU Usage: {cpu_percent}%")
        print(f"Total Memory: {mem_info.total / (1024 ** 3):.2f} GB")
        print(f"Available Memory: {mem_info.available / (1024 ** 3):.2f} GB")
        print(f"Memory Usage: {mem_info.percent}%")
        print(f"Bytes Sent: {net_info.bytes_sent}, Bytes Received: {net_info.bytes_recv}")
        time.sleep(interval)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    monitor_system(interval=5)

11. 文件权限管理

11.1 修改文件权限

import os
def change_file_permissions(file_path, mode):
    os.chmod(file_path, mode)
    print(f"Permissions of '{file_path}' changed to {mode:o}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    file_path = "/path/to/file"
    mode = 0o755
    change_file_permissions(file_path, mode)

12. 系统信息收集

import platform

import psutil

def collect_system_info():

    print(f"System: {platform.system()}")

    print(f"Release: {platform.release()}")

    print(f"Version: {platform.version()}")

    print(f"Machine: {platform.machine()}")

    print(f"CPU Usage: {psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)}%")

    print(f"Total Memory: {psutil.virtual_memory().total / (1024 ** 3):.2f} GB")

    print(f"Available Memory: {psutil.virtual_memory().available / (1024 ** 3):.2f} GB")

    print(f"Memory Usage: {psutil.virtual_memory().percent}%")

if __name__ == "__main__":

    collect_system_info()

总结

通过以上介绍，我们详细讲解了 Python 运维工程师常用的脚本，包括系统监控、日志分析、文件备份、系统更新、网络监控、系统服务管理、系统重启、用户管理、系统日志管理、系统资源监控、文件权限管理和系统信息收集等方面。这些脚本可以帮助运维工程师更高效地管理和维护系统。

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