云服务器安装JDK、Tomcat、MySQL、Nginx

一、JDK安装（离线安装）

在Linux系统的软件安装分为两种方式：

• tar安装：下载离线安装包tar.gz，解压安装包，执行安装配置，执行安装。
• npm安装：下载npm、安装npm、再执行进一步安装。

1.1 下载JDK（Linux版）

• 官网（jdk.tar.gz）
• 网盘

1.2 使用xftp将下载的安装包上传到Linux的/usr/local目录

1.3 解压JDK安装包

tar -zxvf jdk-8u441-linux-x64.tar.gz

1.4 查看JDK目录结构

1.5 配置环境变量

• 进入到\etc目录，编辑profile文件：vim profile

• 在profile文件最后配置以下内容：

  export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_441
  export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
  export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib
  export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
  

1.6 启用配置

# 启用配置
source /etc/profile
# 显示jdk版本
java -version

二、Tomcat安装

2.1 下载离线tar

• 官网
• 网盘

2.2 上传到Linux

2.3 解压tar文件

tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.46.tar.gz

2.4 启动tomcat

2.5 关闭防火墙

# 查看防火墙状态
[root@zhangfujie bin]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
# 关闭防火墙     
[root@zhangfujie bin]# systemctl stop firewalld
# 启动防火墙
[root@zhangfujie bin]# systemctl start firewalld

2.6 访问云主机上的tomcat

安全组设置：要让tomcat的端口允许访问

2.7 停止tomcat

[root@zhangfujie bin]# lsof -i:8080
COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
java    39484 root   55u  IPv6  84333      0t0  TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)
[root@zhangfujie bin]# kill -9 39484

三、安装MySQL

3.1 在线安装（推荐）

3.1.1 通过wget指令下载mysql的rpm文件

[root@zhangfujie local]# pwd
/usr/local
[root@zhangfujie local]# ls
aegis                        jdk-8u441-linux-x64.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-8.5.46         lib
apache-tomcat-8.5.46.tar.gz  lib64
bin                          libexec
btgojdk                      libiconv
btjdk                        man
bttomcat                     nginx
cloudmonitor                 openssl
curl                         sbin
etc                          share
games                        src
include                      sysak
jdk1.8.0_441
[root@zhangfujie local]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

3.1.2 rpm安装mysql

[root@zhangfujie local]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

3.1.3 通过yum安装mysql服务

[root@zhangfujie local]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

如果出现以下安装错误（GPG验证不通过）：

则添加 --nogpgcheck 重新安装

[root@zhangfujie local]# yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

3.1.4 加入开机启动

[root@zhangfujie local]# systemctl enable mysqld

3.1.5 启动MySQL服务

[root@zhangfujie local]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@zhangfujie local]# lsof -i:3306
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  41499 mysql   29u  IPv6 105855      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

或者使用：service mysqld start

3.1.6 停止MySQL服务

[root@zhangfujie local]# systemctl stop mysqld

或者使用：service mysqld stop

3.2 MySQL基本使用

# 1.查找初始密码 （安装mysql时，自动为root帐号生成了一个密码，存储在 /var/log/mysqld.log）
[root@zhangfujie local]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password

# 2.登录到mysql
[root@zhangfujie local]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:

# 3.修改密码
# 3-1 设置密码的检查机制为LOW
SET GLOBAL validate_password_policy = LOW;
# 3-2 修改密码
SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('admin123');

# 4.密码修改完成之后，退出mysql，使用新的密码重新登录

# 5.如果要使用本地的navicat连接云主机上的mysql，需要授权远程登录，并且还要安全组放行（3306）
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES on *.* to 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED by 'admin123' WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush PRIVILEGES;

四、安装Nginx（在线安装）

4.1 安装编译工具（nginx安装之前需要编译）

[root@zhangfujie local]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++

4.2 安装PCRE

# 1.下载
[root@zhangfujie local]# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-
8.35.tar.gz

# 2.解压
[root@zhangfujie local]# tar -zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz

# 3.进入pcre目录
[root@zhangfujie local]# cd pcre-8.35

# 4.配置
[root@zhangfujie pcre-8.35]#./configure

# 5.编译安装
[root@zhangfujie pcre-8.35]# make && make install

4.3 安装SSL库

[root@zhangfujie pcre-8.35]# cd /usr/local
[root@zhangfujie local]# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1j.tar.gz
[root@zhangfujie local]# tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.1j.tar.gz
[root@zhangfujie local]# cd openssl-1.0.1j
[root@zhangfujie openssl-1.0.1j]# ./config
[root@zhangfujie openssl-1.0.1j]# make && make install

4.4 安装zlib库

[root@zhangfujie openssl-1.0.1j]# cd /usr/local
[root@zhangfujie local]# wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.3.1.tar.gz
[root@zhangfujie local]# tar -zxvf zlib-1.3.1.tar.gz
[root@zhangfujie local]# cd zlib-1.3.1
[root@zhangfujie zlib-1.3.1]# ./configure
[root@zhangfujie zlib-1.3.1]# make && make install

4.5 安装Nginx

[root@zhangfujie zlib-1.2.11]# cd /usr/local
[root@zhangfujie local]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
[root@zhangfujie local]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
[root@zhangfujie local]# mkdir -p server/nginx/files/imgs
[root@zhangfujie local]# cd nginx-1.16.1
[root@zhangfujie nginx-1.16.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/nginx --withhttp_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre-8.35
[root@zhangfujie nginx-1.16.1]# make && make install
# 如果在配置过程中出现了以下错误:
./configure: error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library.
You can either do not enable the modules, or install the OpenSSL library
into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source
with nginx by using --with-openssl=<path> option.
# 执行：yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

4.6 配置Nginx

进入nginx.conf文件：vim /usr/local/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

添加如下内容：

        # http://47.122.117.206/imgs/a.jpg      -->云主机 /usr/local/server/nginx/files/imgs
        location /imgs{
            root files;
        }

4.7 启动Nginx

[root@zhangfujie imgs]# clear
[root@zhangfujie imgs]# cd ../
[root@zhangfujie files]# cd /usr/local
[root@zhangfujie local]# cd server/nginx
[root@zhangfujie nginx]# ls
conf  files  html  logs  sbin
[root@zhangfujie nginx]# cd sbin
[root@zhangfujie sbin]# ls
nginx
# 启动Nginx
[root@zhangfujie sbin]# ./nginx
[root@zhangfujie sbin]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND     PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
AliYunDun 32563   root   10u  IPv4  56722      0t0  TCP zhangfujie:40444->100.100.30.26:http (ESTABLISHED)
nginx     64907   root    6u  IPv4 181136      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx     64908 nobody    6u  IPv4 181136      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
# 结束Nginx
[root@zhangfujie sbin]# ./nginx -s stop

4.8 访问Nginx

在/usr/local/server/nginx/files/imgs目录下放入一张图片a.jpg

在浏览器访问http://47.122.117.206/imgs/a.jpg