OSPF综合实验

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-04 18:06:06 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-04 18:06:06 发布

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文章标签：网络

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/2201_75432117/article/details/132001051

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该文档详细描述了网络配置过程，包括IP地址规划，OSPF和RIP路由协议的配置，多点GRE(MGRE)隧道的建立，以及NAT设置。步骤中涉及路由器接口配置，路由重发布，LSA更新优化，区域安全性和NAT规则，旨在实现高效且安全的网络通信。

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步骤一：IP规划

172.16.0.0/17 OSPF
172.16.128.0/17 RIP

172.16.0.0/20 area 0
172.16.0.0/24 MGRE
172.16.1.0/24
172.16.2.0/24
……
172.16.15.0/24
172.16.16.0/20 area 1
172.16.16.0/24 骨干
172.16.17.0/24
172.16.18.0/24
172.16.19.0/24
172.16.32.0/20 area 2
172.16.32.0/24
172.16.33.0/24
172.16.48.0/20 area 3
172.16.48.0/24
172.16.49.0/24
172.16.64.0/20 area 4
172.16.64.0/24
172.16.65.0/24
172.16.66.0/24

步骤二：给路由和接口配置IP

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.1 29
[R1]int l 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.17.1 24

[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.2 29
[R2]int l 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.18.1 24

[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.3 29
[R3]int l 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.19.1 24
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24

[R4]int s4/0/0
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.4 24
[R4]int s4/0/1
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.4 24
[R4]int s3/0/0
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.4 24
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.4 24

[R4]int l 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip ad
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 24

[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.5 24
[R5]int l 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.1 24

[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.6 24
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.32.1 30
[R6]int l 0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24

R11

[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.32.2 30
[R11]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.32.5 30
[R11]int l 0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.33.1 24

R12

[R12]int g0/0/1
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.32.6 30
[R12]int l 0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.128.1 18
[R12]int l 1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.192.1 18

[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.7 24
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.168.48.1 30
[R7]int l 0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24

[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 17.16.48.2 30
[R8]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.48.5 30
[R8]int l 0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.49.1 24

[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.48.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.66.1 30
[R9]int l 0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 17.16.64.1 24

R10

[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.66.2 30
[R10]int l 0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.65.1 24

步骤三：搭建R3，5，6，7的MGRE环境，写缺省路由建立隧道

因为MGRE环境默认是点到点网络类型，只能成立一个邻接关系，这样显然是不行的，所以要将R3/5/6/7的网络类型全部修改为广播类型

[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.1 24
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.2 24
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register

[r6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.3 24
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register

[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.4 24
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register

缺省路由

[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
[r7-ospf-1]default-route-advertise
[r6-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

将MGRE环境的隧道接口网络类型改为p2mp类型

[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

步骤四：配置OSPF R9双向重发布 R12 RIP和OSPF正常情况下互相导入

area 0

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0

[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.3 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.1 0.0.0.0

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.4 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.1 0.0.0.0

area 1

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.16.3 0.0.0.0

area 2

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.32.1 0.0.0.0

[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.32.6 0.0.0.0

area 3

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.48.1 0.0.0.0

[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.48.2 0.0.0.0

[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.49.1 0.0.0.0

[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.48.5 0.0.0.0

[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.48.6 0.0.0.0

area 4

[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9

[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]a 0
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0

[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.66.1 0.0.0.0

[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]a 0
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

RIP
[r12]rip
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]net
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

步骤五：加快收敛 hello 2

[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 2
[r5]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 2
[r6]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 2
[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 2

步骤六：减少LSA的更新量汇总域外汇总

汇总

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.16.0 255.255.240.0

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.240.0

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.48.0 255.255.240.0

域外汇总

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.128.0

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.240.0

做特殊区域

area 1

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub

[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

area 3

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

area 2

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

步骤七：保障更新安全

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

步骤八：NAT

[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]q
[r3]int Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]q
[r7]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000