Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks程序(Python)配置问题总结

目录

预先浏览

• Faster R-CNN原文
• 源码(python)
• 推荐阅读优快云 Blog
• 说明
  
  • 文中仅描述了我所遇到的问题，所以可能会不全。
  • 文中粘贴Error track，除了说明错误的原因外，更是为了便于检索和搜索。
  • 希望对大家有帮助，若有错误，还望指出。

Q&A

Q1: error: utils/bbox.c: No such file or directory

• 错误描述:

  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: error: utils/bbox.c: No such file or directory
  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: fatal error: no input files
  compilation terminated.
  error: command ‘x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc’ failed with exit status 4
  make: * [all] Error 1

• 解决方案: 手动用python生成bbox.c

  cd $FRCN_ROOT/lib/utils
  cython bbox.pyx

Q2: error: nms/cpu_nms.c: No such file or directory**

• 错误描述:

  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: error: nms/cpu_nms.c: No such file or directory
  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: fatal error: no input files
  compilation terminated.
  error: command ‘x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc’ failed with exit status 4
  make: * [all] Error 1

• 解决方案: 手动用python生成cpu_nms.c

  cd $FRCN_ROOT/lib/nms
  cython cpu_nms.pyx

Q3: error: nms/gpu_nms.c: No such file or directory**

• 错误描述:

  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: error: nms/gpu_nms.c: No such file or directory
  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: fatal error: no input files
  compilation terminated.
  error: command ‘x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc’ failed with exit status 4
  make: * [all] Error 1

• 解决方案: 手动用cython生成gpu_nms.c

  cd $FRCN_ROOT/lib/nms
  cython gpu_nms.pyx

Q4: Makefile.config not found**

• 错误描述:

  Makefile:6: * Makefile.config not found. See Makefile.config.example.. Stop.

• 解决方案: $FRCN_ROOT/caffe-fast-rcnn目录下，作者提供了Makefile.config.example

  cd $FRCN_ROOT/caffe-fast-rcnn
  cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config

Q5: undefined symbol: _nms**

• 错误描述: 当在$FRCN_ROOT/lib下make时出现

  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File “./demo.py”, line 18, in module
  from fast_rcnn.test import im_detect
  File “/home/lijiajun/py-faster-rcnn-blog/tools/../lib/fast_rcnn/test.py”, line 17, in module
  from fast_rcnn.nms_wrapper import nms
  File “/home/lijiajun/py-faster-rcnn-blog/tools/../lib/fast_rcnn/nms_wrapper.py”, line 9, in module
  from nms.gpu_nms import gpu_nms
  ImportError: /home/lijiajun/py-faster-rcnn-blog/tools/../lib/nms/gpu_nms.so: undefined symbol: _nms

• **解决方案: **gpu_nms.so编译时有误，分3步

  • 编辑setup.py

    cd $FRCN_ROOT/lib
    vim setup.py

  • 将gpu_nms.pyx改为gpu_nms.cpp

    
    #before
    
    Extension('nms.gpu_nms',
        ['nms/nms_kernel.cu', 'nms/gpu_nms.pyx'],
        ...
    
    #after
    
    Extension('nms.gpu_nms',
        ['nms/nms_kernel.cu', 'nms/gpu_nms.cpp'],
        ...

  • 修改gpu_nms.c文件后缀为.cpp

    cd $FRCN_ROOT/lib/nms
    mv gpu_nms.c gpu_nms.cpp
    rm gpu_nms.so

Q6: Check failed: registry.count(type) == 1 (0 vs. 1) Unknown layer type**

• 错误描述:

  I1221 19:43:06.790405 12895 layer_factory.hpp:76] Creating layer proposal
  F1221 19:43:06.790431 12895 layer_factory.hpp:80] Check failed: registry.count(type) == 1 (0 vs. 1) Unknown layer type: Python (known types: AbsVal, Accuracy, ArgMax, BNLL, Concat, ContrastiveLoss, Convolution, Data, Deconvolution, Dropout, DummyData, Eltwise, Embed, EuclideanLoss, Exp, Filter, Flatten, HDF5Data, HDF5Output, HingeLoss, Im2col, ImageData, InfogainLoss, InnerProduct, LRN, Log, MVN, MemoryData, MultinomialLogisticLoss, PReLU, Pooling, Power, ROIPooling, ReLU, Reduction, Reshape, SPP, Sigmoid, SigmoidCrossEntropyLoss, Silence, Slice, SmoothL1Loss, Softmax, SoftmaxWithLoss, Split, TanH, Threshold, Tile, WindowData)
  *** Check failure stack trace: ***
  Aborted (core dumped)

• 解决方案: 将caffe的Makefile.config配置正确

  • Caffe must be built with support for Python layers!

    
    # In your Makefile.config, make sure to have this line uncommented
    
    WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

  • 修改完成后重新编译

    cd $FRCN_ROOT/caffe-fast-rcnn
    make clean
    make -j
    make pycaffe

Q7: ImportError: No module named _caffe**

• 错误描述:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File “./demo.py”, line 18, in < module>
  from fast_rcnn.test import im_detect
  File “/home/lijiajun/py-faster-rcnn-blog/tools/../lib/fast_rcnn/test.py”, line 16, in < module>
  import caffe
  File “/home/lijiajun/py-faster-rcnn-blog/tools/../caffe-fast-rcnn/python/caffe/init.py”, line 1, in < module>
  from .pycaffe import Net, SGDSolver
  File “/home/lijiajun/py-faster-rcnn-blog/tools/../caffe-fast-rcnn/python/caffe/pycaffe.py”, line 13, in < module>
  from ._caffe import Net, SGDSolver
  ImportError: No module named _caffe

• 解决方案: 编译pycaffe

  cd $FRCN_ROOT/caffe-fast-rcnn
  make pycaffe

Q8: tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable**

• 错误描述:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File “./demo.py”, line 149, in < module>
  demo(net, im_name)
  File “./demo.py”, line 98, in demo
  vis_detections(im, cls, dets, thresh=CONF_THRESH)
  File “./demo.py”, line 47, in vis_detections
  fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 12))
  File “/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/pyplot.py”, line 1046, in subplots
  fig = figure(**fig_kw)
  File “/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/pyplot.py”, line 423, in figure**kwargs)
  File “/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py”, line 79, in new_figure_manager
  return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
  File “/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py”, line 87, in new_figure_manager_given_figure
  window = Tk.Tk()
  File “/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py”, line 1767, in __init__
  self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
  _tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable

• 解决方案: 注释需要图形界面的代码

  • 切换到图形界面后在执行脚本。

  • 或者，修改demo.py，将调用函数vis_detections()的代码注释。

Q9: invalid conversion from ‘const int*’ to ‘int*’**

• 错误描述:

  nms/gpu_nms.cpp: In function ‘PyObject* __pyx_pf_3nms_7gpu_nms_gpu_nms(PyObject*, PyArrayObject*, PyObject*, __pyx_t_5numpy_int32_t)’:
  nms/gpu_nms.cpp:1593:469: error: invalid conversion from ‘const int*’ to ‘int*’ [-fpermissive]
  _nms((&(__Pyx_BufPtrStrided1d(const int , __pyx_pybuffernd_keep.rcbuffer->pybuffer.buf, __pyx_t_10, __pyx_pybuffernd_keep.diminfo[0].strides))), (&__pyx_v_num_out), (&(__Pyx_BufPtrStrided2d(__pyx_t_5numpy_float32_t , __pyx_pybuffernd_sorted_dets.rcbuffer->pybuffer.buf, __pyx_t_12, __pyx_pybuffernd_sorted_dets.diminfo[0].strides, __pyx_t_13, __pyx_pybuffernd_sorted_dets.diminfo[1].strides))), __pyx_v_boxes_num, __pyx_v_boxes_dim, __pyx_t_14, __pyx_v_device_id);
  ^
  In file included from nms/gpu_nms.cpp:253:0:
  nms/gpu_nms.hpp:1:6: error: initializing argument 1 of ‘void _nms(int*, int*, const float*, int, int, float, int)’ [-fpermissive]
  void _nms(int* keep_out, int* num_out, const float* boxes_host, int boxes_num,int boxes_dim, float nms_overlap_thresh, int device_id);
  ^
  error: command ‘arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc’ failed with exit status 1
  make: * [all] Error 1

• 问题分析:
  原因就是C语言编译器允许隐含性的将一个通用指针转换为任意类型的指针，包括const *而C＋＋不允许将const 转换为非const*，所以出错。

• 解决方案:
  将出错的函数变量__pyx_t_5numpy_int32_t*，改成int*(见红色字体)。接着，为了保证gpu_nms.cpp不再由gpu_nms.pyx自动生成，需要将setup.py中ext_modules数组下的nms/gpu_nms.pyx改为nms/gpu_nms.cpp。

  • error:

    _nms((&(__Pyx_BufPtrStrided1d(__pyx_t_5numpy_int32_t *, __pyx_pybuffernd_keep.rcbuffer->pybuffer.buf, __pyx_t_10, __pyx_pybuffernd_keep.diminfo[0].strides))), (&__pyx_v_num_out), (&(*__Pyx_BufPtrStrided2d(__pyx_t_5numpy_float32_t , __pyx_pybuffernd_sorted_dets.rcbuffer->pybuffer.buf, __pyx_t_12, __pyx_pybuffernd_sorted_dets.diminfo[0].strides, __pyx_t_13, __pyx_pybuffernd_sorted_dets.diminfo[1].strides))), __pyx_v_boxes_num, __pyx_v_boxes_dim, __pyx_t_14, __pyx_v_device_id);

  • correct:

    _nms((&(__Pyx_BufPtrStrided1d(int*, __pyx_pybuffernd_keep.rcbuffer->pybuffer.buf, __pyx_t_10, __pyx_pybuffernd_keep.diminfo[0].strides))), (&__pyx_v_num_out), (&(*__Pyx_BufPtrStrided2d(__pyx_t_5numpy_float32_t , __pyx_pybuffernd_sorted_dets.rcbuffer->pybuffer.buf, __pyx_t_12, __pyx_pybuffernd_sorted_dets.diminfo[0].strides, __pyx_t_13, __pyx_pybuffernd_sorted_dets.diminfo[1].strides))), __pyx_v_boxes_num, __pyx_v_boxes_dim, __pyx_t_14, __pyx_v_device_id);

Q10:Check failed: error == cudaSuccess (8 vs. 0) invalid device function**

• 错误分析:

  GPU too old or Cuda too old. Faster R-CNN的Issue讨论得还比较清楚。
  Whenever the CUDA runtime API returns “Invalid Device Function”, it means you are using code which wasn’t built for the architecture you are trying to run it on (and doesn’t have a JIT path).

• 解决方案请参考:

  • Github Issue #2
  • Stack overflow

Q11:Check failed: error == cudaSuccess (8 vs. 0) invalid device function**

• 错误描述:

  Error using textread (line 165)
  File not found.
  Error in VOCevaldet (line 30)
  [ids,confidence,b1,b2,b3,b4]=textread(sprintf(VOCopts.detrespath,id,cls),’%s %f %f %f %f %f’);
  Error in voc_eval>voc_eval_cls (line 36)
  [recall, prec, ap] = VOCevaldet(VOCopts, comp_id, cls, true);
  Error in voc_eval (line 8)
  res(i) = voc_eval_cls(cls, VOCopts, comp_id, output_dir, rm_res);
  165 error(message(‘MATLAB:textread:FileNotFound’));

• 解决方案:

  • In VOCCode, inside the VOCdevkit folder, there will be a file called VOCinit.m
  • In that, on around line 31, change the VOC.testset to ‘test’ instead of ‘val’.

---

2016年2月26日更新
2016年11月22日更新

Q12:Check failed: error == cudaSuccess (8 vs. 0) invalid device function**

• 错误描述:

  python setup.py build_ext –inplace
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File “setup.py”, line 57, in
  CUDA = locate_cuda()
  File “setup.py”, line 54, in locate_cuda
  raise EnvironmentError(‘The CUDA %s path could not be located in %s’ % (k, v))
  EnvironmentError: The CUDA lib64 path could not be located in /usr/local/cuda/lib64
  make: * [all] Error 1

• 解决方案:

  • 1 修改lib/setup.py中cudaconfig元组中lib64的值， ‘lib64’->’lib’。因为设备不支持64位运算，所以cuda缺少lib64文件。
  • 2 显存不够大，适当增大存储（sunyiyou9提供）。

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reference:
1. Github issues1
2. Github issues2

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最终效果图