Centos Python3安装

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本文详细介绍在Centos系统中安装Python3.5.2和pip3的过程，包括下载安装包、解压、编译安装、创建软链接及测试验证等步骤，确保与系统自带Python2.7共存且互不干扰。

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Centos 安装Python3

查看自带python版本，安装python2 pip

执行 ptyhon -V显示

[root@localhost ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5

执行命令yum -y install python-pip显示

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y  install python-pip
Loaded plugins: copr, fastestmirror
......
Installed:
  python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-6.el7                                                    
Complete!

如果报错请执行yum -y install epel-release

执行pip -V显示

[root@localhost ~]# pip -V
pip 8.1.2 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)

到此Cenotos自带的python2和pip均可正常使用。

安装python3，以python3.5.2为例

1、下载安装包

执行wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.2/Python-3.5.2.tar.xz

2、解压

tar -xvJf Python-3.5.2.tar.xz

3、编译安装

cd Python-3.5.2/

./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3

make && make install

4、建立软链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

5、测试python3

执行 ptyhon3 -V显示

[root@localhost ~]# python3 -V
Python 3.5.2

执行pip3 -V显示

[root@localhost ~]# pip3 -V
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.5/site-packages (python 3.5)

到此Cenotos python3和pip3均可正常使用，并且与自带python2.7 并不冲突。

详细安装日志

[root@localhost ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y  install python-pip
Loaded plugins: copr, fastestmirror
......
Installed:
  python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-6.el7                                                    
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# pip -V
pip 8.1.2 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7) 
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.2/Python-3.5.2.tar.xz
--2018-11-27 19:55:45--  https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.2/Python-3.5.2.tar.xz
正在解析主机 www.python.org (www.python.org)... 151.101.108.223, 2a04:4e42:1a::223
......
2018-11-27 19:56:04 (818 KB/s) - 已保存 “Python-3.5.2.tar.xz” [15222676/15222676])
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvJf  Python-3.5.2.tar.xz
Python-3.5.2/
......
Python-3.5.2/Include/tupleobject.h
[root@localhost ~]# cd Python-3.5.2/
[root@localhost Python-3.5.2]# ./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
......
creating Makefile
[root@localhost Python-3.5.2]# make && make install 
gcc -pthread -c -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes    -Werror=declaration-after-statement   -I. -IInclude -I./Include    -DPy_BUILD_CORE -o Programs/python.o ./Programs/python.c
......
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-8.1.1 setuptools-20.10.1
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3  /usr/bin/pip3
[root@localhost ~]# python3 -V
Python 3.5.2
[root@localhost ~]# pip3 -V
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.5/site-packages (python 3.5)