spring mvc的练习

本文详细介绍了 Spring MVC 框架的开发实践,包括配置文件、代码实现及核心功能,通过实例展示了如何利用 Spring MVC 实现 MVC 架构,提供了一套完整的开发流程与配置指南。

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网上找了很多资料,也找了些达人的例子,结合自己的测试和摸索,自己做了个spring mvc开发练习。

JAVAEE框架开发中,最常的模式就是MVC,其中以struts的mvc开发占主导地位。后来spring mvc也流行起来。

struts2 mvc和spring mvc各有千秋。不过在具体的开发中,选择用struts2 mvc 还是spring mvc,最主要的是看团队的学习成本和开发水平。其实两者都是比较好的mvc框架。

这里还是采用的xml配置为主。因为自己感觉注解的方式去装配bean,不太好!注解都写在类中了,个人觉得还是把bean配置在xml中统一管理好一些。降低耦合度。

下面上代码:

1、首先是用到的jar,这里只是个大概的jar哈。可能有一些不必要的,但是都日常项目中常用的。截个图上来:

2、web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
	
	<!-- ContextConfigLocation,配置加载spring配置文件 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml,classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>

	<!-- spring的监听,自动装载BEAN -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	
	<!-- Spring 刷新Introspector防止内存泄露 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	
	<!-- spring配置web.xml  启用spring的请求接收器DispatcherServlet -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class>
		<init-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	
	<filter>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
			<param-value>true</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	
</web-app>

3、spring主配置文件:applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">
	<!-- 加载jdbc.properties配置文件-->
	<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
		<property name="location">
			<value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 配置数据源,读取jdbc.properties配置文件,采用Proxool连接池 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="org.logicalcobwebs.proxool.ProxoolDataSource">
		<property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
		<property name="driverUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
		<property name="alias" value="${jdbc.alias}" />
		<property name="simultaneousBuildThrottle" value="${jdbc.simultaneousBuildThrottle}" />
		<property name="maximumActiveTime" value="${jdbc.maximumActiveTime}" />
		<property name="maximumConnectionCount" value="${jdbc.maximumConnectionCount}" />
		<property name="minimumConnectionCount" value="${jdbc.minimumConnectionCount}" />
		<property name="delegateProperties" value="characterEncoding=${jdbc.characterEncoding}" />
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 采用spring的jdbcTemplate做为数据操作类,这个很好用,采用自己写ConnectionFactory去获取连接,此连接没有在spring的事务环境中,只有手工去配置事务。采用jdbcTemplate模板获取的连接,可以支持AOP事务操作 -->
	<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
		<property name="dataSource">
			<ref bean="dataSource" />
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource">
			<ref bean="dataSource" />
		</property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 事务通知 -->
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="query*" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="*" rollback-for="Exception,RuntimeException" propagation="REQUIRED" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>
	<!-- Spring AOP config -->
	<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
		<!-- 切入点在service层上进行拦截,添加事务管理 -->
		<!-- service下面的所有类的所有方法,可配置在接口和类下面都可以 -->
		<aop:pointcut id="servicesPointcut" expression="execution(* com.zyujie.*.service.*.*(..))" />
		<!-- 运行拦截的方法关联配置 -->
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="servicesPointcut" />
	</aop:config>
	
	<import resource="conf/spring/spring-init-login.xml" />
	
</beans>

4、单独加了一个spring mvc的配置文件,其实可以写在主配置里,spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
		   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">

	<!-- 不进行拦截的 -->
	<mvc:resources location="/" mapping="/**/*.html" order="0" />
	<mvc:resources location="/imgs/" mapping="/imgs/**" />
	<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />
	<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**" />
 <pre name="code" class="html">	<!-- prefix是view,也就是jsp的前缀路径,suffix是后缀名,跳转页面时spring会在根目录下按照返回的名字,跳转的页面拼成jsp。 -->
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</bean>
    <!-- 支持上传文件 -->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <!-- set the max upload size100MB -->
        <property name="maxUploadSize">
            <value>104857600</value>
        </property>
        <property name="maxInMemorySize">
            <value>4096</value>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>
 

5、主要的配置文件就这些了,其它log4j,缓存,属性文件这里就不例出来了。下面是spring单个功能性的配置文件:如果用注解方式,可以不写这个。spring-init-login.xml。说明一下:这里使用的是一个Controller处理多个请求:如,/login.do?method=add.../login.do?method=delete这种方式。所以下面注入了多请求处理器。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

	<bean id="userLoginDao" class="com.zyujie.init.dao.UserLoginDao">
		<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="userLoginService" class="com.zyujie.init.service.impl.UserLoginServiceImpl">
		<property name="userLoginDao" ref="userLoginDao" />
	</bean>

	<!--定义映射-->
	<bean id="/init/userloginMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
		<property name="mappings">
			<props>
				<prop key="/login.do">userLoginAction</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 多请求处理控制器 -->  
	<bean id="paraMethodResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.ParameterMethodNameResolver">
		<property name="paramName">
        	<value>method</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

    <!-- 定义Action 这里还是scope为prototype,不要用单例模式。-->
	<bean id="userLoginAction" class="com.zyujie.init.web.UserLoginAction" scope="prototype">
		<property name="methodNameResolver" ref="paraMethodResolver" />
		<property name="userLoginService" ref="userLoginService" />
        <!-- 指定失败要返回的页面 -->
        <property name="loginView">
			<value>login</value>
		</property>
        <!-- 指定成功要返回的页面 -->
		<property name="successView">
			<value>success</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

6、下面是类了,DAO和SERVICE我就不写了。主要是ACTION,上面提到的多请求处理控制器需要继承MultiActionController

package com.zyujie.init.web;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController;

import com.zyujie.init.pojo.UserInfo;
import com.zyujie.init.service.UserLoginService;

public class UserLoginAction extends MultiActionController {

	private String successView;
	
	private String loginView;
	
	private UserLoginService userLoginService;
	
	public void setUserLoginService(UserLoginService userLoginService) {
		this.userLoginService = userLoginService;
	}

	public ModelAndView addUser(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
		Map model = new HashMap();
		model.put("success", "增加用户成功");
		String user = req.getParameter("user");
		String password = req.getParameter("password");
		System.out.println(user+"--------"+password);
		return new ModelAndView(this.getSuccessView(), model);
	}
	
	/*
	 * 普通登录
	 */
	public ModelAndView login(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
		Map model = new HashMap();
		model.put("success", "用户登录成功");
		String username = req.getParameter("username");
		String password = req.getParameter("password");
		System.out.println(username);
		UserInfo user = userLoginService.userLogin(username, password);
		if(user == null){
			return new ModelAndView(this.getLoginView(), model);
		}else{
			req.getSession().setAttribute("username", user.getUser_name());
			return new ModelAndView(this.getSuccessView(), model);
		}
	}
	
	/*
	 * ajax登录返回
	 */
	public ModelAndView ajaxlogin(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
		Map model = new HashMap();
		model.put("success", "用户登录成功");
		String username = req.getParameter("username");
		String password = req.getParameter("password");
		System.out.println(username);
		UserInfo user = userLoginService.userLogin(username, password);
		if(user == null){
			String s = "用户登录错误";  
			resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
			resp.getWriter().write(s);
			return null;
		}else{
			req.getSession().setAttribute("username", user.getUser_name());
			String s = "用户登录成功";
			resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
			resp.getWriter().write(s);
			return null;
		}
	}

            /*
     * 文件上传
     */
    public ModelAndView upload(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        //如果只是上传一个文件,则只需要MultipartFile类型接收文件即可,而且无需显式指定@RequestParam注解   
        //如果想上传多个文件,那么这里就要用MultipartFile[]类型来接收文件,并且还要指定@RequestParam注解   
        //并且上传多个文件时,前台表单中的所有<input type="file"/>的name都应该是myfiles,否则参数里的myfiles无法获取到所有上传的文件
        // 转型为MultipartHttpRequest:     
        MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) req;
     // 获得文件:
        List<MultipartFile> myfiles = multipartRequest.getFiles("file");
        for(MultipartFile myfile : myfiles){
            if(myfile.isEmpty()){
                System.out.println("文件未上传");
            }else{
                System.out.println("文件长度: " + myfile.getSize());
                System.out.println("文件类型: " + myfile.getContentType());
                System.out.println("文件名称: " + myfile.getName());
                System.out.println("文件原名: " + myfile.getOriginalFilename());
                System.out.println("========================================");
                //如果用的是Tomcat服务器,则文件会上传到  {服务发布位置}\\WEB-INF\\upload\\文件夹中
                String realPath = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
                System.out.println(realPath);
                //这里不必处理IO流关闭的问题,因为FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile()方法内部会自动把用到的IO流关掉,我是看它的源码才知道的
                FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(myfile.getInputStream(), new File(realPath, myfile.getOriginalFilename()));
            }
        }
        Map model = new HashMap();
        model.put("success", "用户登录成功");
        return new ModelAndView(this.getSuccessView(), model);
    }  

        public String getSuccessView() {
		return successView;
	}

	public void setSuccessView(String successView) {
		this.successView = successView;
	}

	public String getLoginView() {
		return loginView;
	}

	public void setLoginView(String loginView) {
		this.loginView = loginView;
	}

}

7、下面是JSP了,这里定义了几种提交方式。FORM表单,A标签,AJAX提交。其中AJAX返回JSON是同理的。

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>spring mvc demo</title>
	<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="js/jquery-1.8.0.min.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript">
	function subTest(){
		var username = "admin";
		var password = "admin";
		$.ajax({
			url:'/spring-mvc/login.do?method=ajaxlogin',
	       	data:{
				username : username,
				password : password
	      	},
	       	async : true,
	       	dataType : 'html',
	        error : function(){
	           	alert('系统错误');
	        },
	        success : function(data){
	        	alert(data);
			}
	    });
	}
	</script>
  </head>
  
  <body>
    <center>
    	<form action="/spring-mvc/login.do" method="get">
    	<table>
    		<tr><td><input type="hidden" id="method" name="method" value="login" /></td></tr>
    		<tr><td><input type="text" id="username" name="username" /></td></tr>
    		<tr><td><input type="text" id="password" name="password" /></td></tr>
    		<tr><td><input type="submit" id="subok" name="subok" value="ok" /></td></tr>
    	</table>
    	</form>
    	<br/>
    	<a href="/spring-mvc/login.do?method=addUser&user=admin&password=123">test</a>
    	<br/>
    	<a href=javascript:subTest();>js test</a>
    	<br/>
   	    <form action="/spring-mvc/login.do?method=upload" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">  
        	文件1: <input type="file" id="file1" name="file" /><br/>
			文件2: <input type="file" id="file2" name="file" /><br/>
			文件3: <input type="file" id="file3" name="file" /><br/>
			<input type="submit" value="上传" />   
    </form>  
    </center>
  </body>
</html>

大致的spring mvc基本架构就是这样的了!具体就介绍到这里!spring mvc还有很多功能,再慢慢的学习吧!

我把小例子传到自己的资源空间里了:大家可以去下载!

本博文例子:spring-mvc小例子

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