BS4
- Beautiful Soup 是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库.它能够通过你喜欢的转换器实现惯用的文档导航,查找,修改文档的方式.Beautiful Soup会帮你节省数小时甚至数天的工作时间.
安装
- pip install beautifulsoup4
- 解析器
| 表达式 | 使用方法 | 优势 |
|---|---|---|
| Python标准库 | BeautifulSoup(markup, “html.parser”) | Python的内置标准库 执行速度适中 文档容错能力强 |
| lxml HTML 解析器 | BeautifulSoup(markup, “lxml”) | 速度快 文档容错能力强 |
| lxml XML 解析器 | BeautifulSoup(markup, [“lxml-xml”]) BeautifulSoup(markup, “xml”) | 速度快 唯一支持XML的解析器 |
| html5lib | BeautifulSoup(markup, “html5lib”) | 最好的容错性 以浏览器的方式解析文档 生成HTML5格式的文档 |
对象种类
-
Tag
soup = BeautifulSoup('<b class="boldest">Extremely bold</b>') tag = soup.b type(tag) # <class 'bs4.element.Tag'> -
Name
tag.name # 'b' -
attrs
tag.attrs # {u'class': u'boldest'} -
NavigableString
tag.string #Extremely bold -
搜索文档树
html_doc = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> <p class="story">...</p> """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')-
find_all(name, attrs, recursive, text, **kwargs)
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字符串
soup.find_all('b') # [<b>The Dormouse's story</b>] -
正则
import re for tag in soup.find_all(re.compile("^b")): print(tag.name) # body # b -
列表
soup.find_all(["a", "b"]) # [<b>The Dormouse's story</b>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] -
关键字
soup.find_all(id='link2') # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>] soup.find_all(href=re.compile("elsie")) # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>] -
按CSS搜索
soup.find_all("a", class_="sister") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>]
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-
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CSS选择器
soup.select("title") # [<title>The Dormouse's story</title>] soup.select("p nth-of-type(3)") # [<p class="story">...</p>]-
通过tag标签逐层查找
soup.select("body a") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] soup.select("html head title") # [<title>The Dormouse's story</title>] -
找到某个tag标签下的直接子标签
soup.select("head > title") # [<title>The Dormouse's story</title>] soup.select("p > a") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] soup.select("p > a:nth-of-type(2)") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>] soup.select("p > #link1") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>] soup.select("body > a") # [] -
找到兄弟节点标签:
soup.select("#link1 ~ .sister") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] soup.select("#link1 + .sister") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>] -
通过CSS的类名查找
soup.select(".sister") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] soup.select("[class~=sister]") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] -
通过tag的id查找:
soup.select("#link1") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>] soup.select("a#link2") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>] -
同时用多种CSS选择器查询元素:
soup.select("#link1,#link2") # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>] -
通过是否存在某个属性来查找:
soup.select('a[href]') # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] -
通过属性的值来查找:
soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]') # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>] soup.select('a[href^="http://example.com/"]') # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] soup.select('a[href$="tillie"]') # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] soup.select('a[href*=".com/el"]') # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>]
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返回查找到的元素的第一个
soup.select_one(".sister") # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>
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