pkg-config使用笔记

本文详细介绍了pkg-config工具的用途,包括如何查找库的元信息、搜索路径设置、常用选项应用,以及如何自定义配置xxx.pc文件。重点展示了libssl示例,涵盖版本查询、链接方式和存在性检查等实用操作。

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简介

pkg-config用于返回系统中已安装库的元信息。pkg-config对库元信息查询是通过在指定目录中去查询xxx.pc文件,从xxx.pc文件中解析得到库对元信息。

pkg-config搜索路径

  1. 默认路径: 通过命令"pkg-config --variable pc_path pkg-config"获取。
xxx:~$ pkg-config --variable pc_path pkg-config
/usr/lib64/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig
xxx:~$ 
  1. 自定义路径:通过环境变量PKG_CONFIG_PATH设置。
xxx:~$ echo $PKG_CONFIG_PATH

xxx:~$ export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
xxx:~$ echo $PKG_CONFIG_PATH
/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
xxx:~$ export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig:${PKG_CONFIG_PATH}
xxx:~$ echo $PKG_CONFIG_PATH
/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig

pkg-config查看库的安装信息

pkg-config帮助信息

xxx:~$ pkg-config -h
Usage:
  pkg-config [OPTION?]

Help Options:
  -h, --help                              Show help options

Application Options:
  --version                               output version of pkg-config
  --modversion                            output version for package
  --atleast-pkgconfig-version=VERSION     require given version of pkg-config
  --libs                                  output all linker flags
  --static                                output linker flags for static linking
  --short-errors                          print short errors
  --libs-only-l                           output -l flags
  --libs-only-other                       output other libs (e.g. -pthread)
  --libs-only-L                           output -L flags
  --cflags                                output all pre-processor and compiler flags
  --cflags-only-I                         output -I flags
  --cflags-only-other                     output cflags not covered by the cflags-only-I option
  --variable=NAME                         get the value of variable named NAME
  --define-variable=NAME=VALUE            set variable NAME to VALUE
  --exists                                return 0 if the module(s) exist
  --print-variables                       output list of variables defined by the module
  --uninstalled                           return 0 if the uninstalled version of one or more module(s) or their dependencies will be used
  --atleast-version=VERSION               return 0 if the module is at least version VERSION
  --exact-version=VERSION                 return 0 if the module is at exactly version VERSION
  --max-version=VERSION                   return 0 if the module is at no newer than version VERSION
  --list-all                              list all known packages
  --debug                                 show verbose debug information
  --print-errors                          show verbose information about missing or conflicting packages,default if --cflags or --libs given on the command line
  --silence-errors                        be silent about errors (default unless --cflags or --libsgiven on the command line)
  --errors-to-stdout                      print errors from --print-errors to stdout not stderr
  --print-provides                        print which packages the package provides
  --print-requires                        print which packages the package requires
  --print-requires-private                print which packages the package requires for static linking

xxx:~$ 

查看所有的库

xxx:~$ pkg-config --list-all
sqlite3                             SQLite - SQL database engine
xcb-xevie                           XCB Xevie - XCB Xevie Extension
xcb-damage                          XCB Damage - XCB Damage Extension
blkid                               blkid - Block device id library
pixman-1                            Pixman - The pixman library (version 1)

......

libedata-book-1.2                   libedatabook - Backend library for evolution address books
renderproto                         RenderProto - Render extension headers
xxx:~$

下面我们以libssl为例讲解其部分选项的使用方式。
libssl.pc内容

xxx:~$ cat /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/libssl.pc 
prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib64
includedir=${prefix}/include

Name: OpenSSL
Description: Secure Sockets Layer and cryptography libraries
Version: 1.0.1e
Requires: 
Libs: -L${libdir} -lssl -lcrypto
Libs.private: -Wl,-z,relro -ldl -lz -L/usr/lib -lgssapi_krb5 -lkrb5 -lcom_err -lk5crypto
Cflags: -I${includedir} -I/usr/include
xxx:~$ 
  1. 查看libss库的版本
[xxx:~$ pkg-config --modversion libssl
1.0.1v-dev
xxx:~$ 
  1. 查看libssl链接方式
xxx:~$ pkg-config --libs-only-l libssl
-lssl -lcrypto  
xxx:~$ 
  1. 查看libssl链接目录
xxx:~$ pkg-config --libs-only-L libssl
 
xxx:~$
  1. 查看libssl是否存在
xxx:~$ pkg-config --exists libssl
xxx:~$ echo $?
0
xxx:~$ pkg-config --exists libssl2
xxx:~$ echo $?
1
xxx:~$ 

libssl是存在的,所以执行后的返回错误码为0;libssl2是不存在的,所以执行后返回错误码为1。
在configure文件中的应用

xxx:~$ pkg-config --exists --print-errors libssl
xxx:~$ echo $?
0
xxx:~$ pkg-config --exists --print-errors libssl2
Package libssl2 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libssl2.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libssl2' found
xxx:~$ echo $?
1
xxx:~$ 

自定义配置xxx.pc文件

想要自定义配置一个xxx.pc文件,需要先弄明白都有那些配置项可以配置,以及配置格式。
特别说明:pkg-config管理的文件必须是以“*.pc”的后缀名结尾。
配置格式形如:

xxx:~$ cat /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/libssl.pc 
prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib64
includedir=${prefix}/include

Name: OpenSSL
Description: Secure Sockets Layer and cryptography libraries
Version: 1.0.1e
Requires: 
Libs: -L${libdir} -lssl -lcrypto
Libs.private: -Wl,-z,relro -ldl -lz -L/usr/lib -lgssapi_krb5 -lkrb5 -lcom_err -lk5crypto
Cflags: -I${includedir} -I/usr/include
xxx:~$ 

配置项说明

  1. Name: 该模块的名字,比如你的pc名字是xxxx.pc,那么名字最好也是xxxx。
  2. Description: 模块的简单描述。上文pkg-config –list-all命令出来的结果,每个名字后面就是description。
  3. URL: 用户可以通过该URL获得更多信息,或者下载信息。也是辅助的,可要可不要。
  4. Version: 版本号。
  5. Requires: 该模块有木有依赖于其他模块。一般没有。
  6. Requires.private: 该模块有木有依赖于其他模块,并且还不需要第三方知道的。一般也没有。
  7. Conflicts: 有没有和别的模块冲突。常用于版本冲突。比如,Conflicts: bar < 1.2.3,表示和bar模块的1.2.3以下的版本有冲突。
  8. Cflags: 这个就很重要了。pkg-config的参数–cflags就指向这里。主要用于写本模块的头文件的路径。
  9. Libs: 也很重要,pkg-config的参数–libs就指向这里。主要用于写本模块的库/依赖库的路径。
  10. Libs.private: 本模块依赖的库,但不需要第三方知道。

其实必须写的只有5个。Name、Description、Version、Cflags、Libs。

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Connecting to objects.githubusercontent.com (objects.githubusercontent.com)|185.199.108.133|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 373960 (365K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/content/libtcmalloc_minimal.so.4’ /content/libtcmallo 100%[===================>] 365.20K --.-KB/s in 0.02s 2025-07-10 10:19:01 (15.2 MB/s) - ‘/content/libtcmalloc_minimal.so.4’ saved [373960/373960] env: LD_PRELOAD=/content/libtcmalloc_minimal.so.4 libcairo2-dev is already the newest version (1.16.0-5ubuntu2). python3-dev is already the newest version (3.10.6-1~22.04.1). python3-dev set to manually installed. The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libbz2-dev libpkgconf3 libreadline-dev Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED: pkgconf r-base-dev The following NEW packages will be installed: aria2 libaria2-0 libc-ares2 pkg-config 0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 2 to remove and 41 not upgraded. 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Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.3/2.3 GB 444.7 kB/s eta 0:00:00 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 6.1/6.1 MB 89.3 MB/s eta 0:00:00 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.4/4.4 MB 76.9 MB/s eta 0:00:00 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.0/2.0 MB 16.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.6/4.6 MB 78.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 63.3/63.3 MB 11.3 MB/s eta 0:00:00 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 96.4/96.4 kB 3.0 MB/s eta 0:00:00 ERROR: pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the source of the following dependency conflicts. torchtune 0.6.1 requires torchdata==0.11.0, but you have torchdata 0.6.0 which is incompatible. ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement xformers==0.0.19 (from versions: 0.0.1, 0.0.2, 0.0.3, 0.0.4, 0.0.5, 0.0.6, 0.0.7, 0.0.8, 0.0.9, 0.0.10, 0.0.11, 0.0.12, 0.0.13, 0.0.16rc424, 0.0.16rc425, 0.0.16, 0.0.20, 0.0.21, 0.0.22, 0.0.22.post7, 0.0.23, 0.0.23.post1, 0.0.24, 0.0.25, 0.0.25.post1, 0.0.26.post1, 0.0.27, 0.0.27.post1, 0.0.27.post2, 0.0.28, 0.0.28.post1, 0.0.28.post2, 0.0.28.post3, 0.0.29, 0.0.29.post1, 0.0.29.post2, 0.0.29.post3, 0.0.30, 0.0.31, 0.0.31.post1, 0.0.32.dev1062, 0.0.32.dev1064) ERROR: No matching distribution found for xformers==0.0.19 Failed to open /content/drive/MyDrive/stable-diffusion-webui-colab/stable-diffusion-webui/extensions/sd-webui-additional-networks/models/lora/: No such file or directory. Aborting! /content/drive/MyDrive/stable-diffusion-webui-colab/stable-diffusion-webui Updating files: 100% (203/203), done. HEAD is now at 22bcc7be attempted fix for infinite loading for settings that some people experience Updating files: 100% (135/135), done. HEAD is now at cf1d67a Update modelcard.md HEAD is now at c202932 GRADIO_TUNNEL online Already up to date. Download Results: gid |stat|avg speed |path/URI ======+====+===========+======================================================= 20d2be|OK | 0B/s|/content/drive/MyDrive/stable-diffusion-webui-colab/stable-diffusion-webui/models/CLIP/ViT-L-14.pt Status Legend: (OK):download completed. Python 3.11.13 (main, Jun 4 2025, 08:57:29) [GCC 11.4.0] Commit hash: 22bcc7be428c94e9408f589966c2040187245d81 Installing gfpgan Installing clip Installing open_clip Installing xformers Traceback (most recent call last): File "/content/drive/MyDrive/stable-diffusion-webui-colab/stable-diffusion-webui/launch.py", line 355, in <module> prepare_environment() File "/content/drive/MyDrive/stable-diffusion-webui-colab/stable-diffusion-webui/launch.py", line 281, in prepare_environment run_pip(f"install {xformers_package}", "xformers") File "/content/drive/MyDrive/stable-diffusion-webui-colab/stable-diffusion-webui/launch.py", line 129, in run_pip return run(f'"{python}" -m pip {args} --prefer-binary{index_url_line}', desc=f"Installing {desc}", errdesc=f"Couldn't install {desc}") ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/content/drive/MyDrive/stable-diffusion-webui-colab/stable-diffusion-webui/launch.py", line 97, in run raise RuntimeError(message) RuntimeError: Couldn't install xformers. Command: "/usr/bin/python3" -m pip install xformers==0.0.16rc425 --prefer-binary Error code: 1 stdout: Collecting xformers==0.0.16rc425 Downloading xformers-0.0.16rc425.tar.gz (7.3 MB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 7.3/7.3 MB 81.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Preparing metadata (setup.py): started Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done' Requirement already satisfied: torch>=1.12 in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from xformers==0.0.16rc425) (2.0.0+cu118) Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from xformers==0.0.16rc425) (2.0.2) Collecting pyre-extensions==0.0.23 (from xformers==0.0.16rc425) Downloading pyre_extensions-0.0.23-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.0 kB) Collecting typing-inspect (from pyre-extensions==0.0.23->xformers==0.0.16rc425) Downloading typing_inspect-0.9.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.5 kB) Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from pyre-extensions==0.0.23->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (4.14.1) Requirement already satisfied: filelock in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from torch>=1.12->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (3.18.0) Requirement already satisfied: sympy in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from torch>=1.12->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (1.13.1) Requirement already satisfied: networkx in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from torch>=1.12->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (3.5) Requirement already satisfied: jinja2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from torch>=1.12->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (3.1.6) Requirement already satisfied: triton==2.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from torch>=1.12->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (2.0.0) Requirement already satisfied: cmake in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from triton==2.0.0->torch>=1.12->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (3.31.6) Requirement already satisfied: lit in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from triton==2.0.0->torch>=1.12->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (18.1.8) Requirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe>=2.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from jinja2->torch>=1.12->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (3.0.2) Requirement already satisfied: mpmath<1.4,>=1.1.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/dist-packages (from sympy->torch>=1.12->xformers==0.0.16rc425) (1.3.0) Collecting mypy-extensions>=0.3.0 (from typing-inspect->pyre-extensions==0.0.23->xformers==0.0.16rc425) Downloading mypy_extensions-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.1 kB) Downloading pyre_extensions-0.0.23-py3-none-any.whl (11 kB) Downloading typing_inspect-0.9.0-py3-none-any.whl (8.8 kB) Downloading mypy_extensions-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (5.0 kB) Building wheels for collected packages: xformers Building wheel for xformers (setup.py): started Building wheel for xformers (setup.py): finished with status 'error' Running setup.py clean for xformers Failed to build xformers stderr: error: subprocess-exited-with-error × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully. │ exit code: 1 ╰─> See above for output. note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip. ERROR: Failed building wheel for xformers ERROR: ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (xformers)
最新发布
07-11
### MicroSIP 中配置 Windows 笔记本摄像头的方法 要在 MicroSIP 软件中使用 Windows 笔记本电脑的内置摄像头,需按照以下方式完成设置: #### 1. **确认硬件支持** 确保笔记本电脑的摄像头能够正常工作。可以通过打开系统的相机应用程序来测试摄像头功能是否可用。如果无法正常使用,则可能是驱动程序未安装或硬件存在问题。 #### 2. **启用摄像头驱动** 对于 X86 架构下的硬件温度监控或其他传感器类设备,通常需要加载对应的内核模块(如 `CONFIG_X86_PKG_TEMP_THERMAL`[^1])。然而,Windows 平台上的摄像头并不依赖于 Linux 的这种机制,而是由 Microsoft 提供的标准 UVC (USB Video Class) 驱动支持。因此无需额外操作即可让大部分现代摄像头运行。 #### 3. **MicroSIP 设置** 启动 MicroSIP 后,在其界面中找到视频选项卡并点击它。这里可以调整与视频通话有关的各项参数: - 在“Video Device”下拉菜单中选择已连接好的摄像装置名称; - 设定分辨率大小以及帧率数值以匹配实际需求; - 如果存在多个输入源可供挑选的话,请务必指定正确的那一项作为默认值。 #### 4. **权限管理** 某些情况下可能还需要授予应用访问本地媒体资源的权利。前往控制面板 -> Internet 属性窗口的安全标签页下面勾选允许ActiveX控件运行之类的项目;或者直接右键单击exe文件属性对话框里的兼容性分栏处激活管理员身份执行开关。 以下是简单的 Python 测试脚本用于验证当前环境能否捕捉图像数据流: ```python import cv2 cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0) if not cap.isOpened(): print("Cannot open camera") else: ret, frame = cap.read() if ret: gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) cv2.imshow('frame',gray) key=cv2.waitKey(0)&0xFF if(key==ord('q')): pass finally: cap.release() cv2.destroyAllWindows() ```
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