1、端口号是用来区分用户程序的。
2、其实,只要撑握了UNIX域的编程,那么网络编程就显得简单了。
3、UNIX域:UDP 和 TCP
网络: UDP 和 TCP
4、下面是相关的例程:
一、首先是UNIX域的编程:
1、C
/*UNIX域:UDP_client*/
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define PATHNAME "/tmp/socket"
#define CLIENTPATH "/tmp/socket_1"
struct student {
char name[20];
double avg;
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage.../n");
exit(1);
}
int ret, sd;
struct sockaddr_un server_addr, client_addr;
socklen_t server_len, client_len;
struct student buf;
server_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
client_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strncpy(server_addr.sun_path, PATHNAME, 108);
strncpy(client_addr.sun_path, CLIENTPATH, 108);
server_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
client_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
sd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
#if 1
unlink(CLIENTPATH);
ret = bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)(&client_addr),//绑定自己
client_len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("bind");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
#endif
strncpy(buf.name, argv[1], 20);
buf.avg = atof(argv[2]);
ret = sendto(sd, &buf, sizeof(buf), 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,
server_len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("sendto");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
1、S
/*UNIX域:UDP_server*/
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define PATHNAME "/tmp/socket"
struct student {
char name[20];
double avg;
};
int main(void)
{
int ret, sd;
struct sockaddr_un server_addr, client_addr;
socklen_t server_len, client_len;
struct student buf;
server_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;//sun_family always contains AF_UNIX
strncpy(server_addr.sun_path, PATHNAME, 108);
server_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
client_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);//这一步也需要
sd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);//UDP
if (sd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
unlink(PATHNAME);//在绑定之前,如果此PATHNAME已存在,则删除,确保绑定成功。
ret = bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)(&server_addr),//第二个参数别忘了强制转换成(struct sockaddr *)
server_len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("bind");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
while (1) {//recvfrom在没数据时也会阻塞
ret = recvfrom(sd, &buf, sizeof(buf), 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
&client_len);
//如果不关心client的地址,则可写成recvfrom(sd,&buf,sizeof(buf),0,NULL,NULL);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("recvfrom");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
if (ret > 0) {
printf("name=%s/n", buf.name);
printf("average point=%f/n",
buf.avg);
printf("Infomation from %s/n",
client_addr.sun_path);
}
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
2、comm.h
comm.h
#ifndef __COMM__H
#define __COMM__H
struct student {
int length;
int chinese;
int math;
char name[1];
};
#define CLIENTPATH "/tmp/client"
#define SERVERPATH "/tmp/server"
#endif
2、C
/*偷看数据包:UDP_client*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "comm.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage...");
exit(1);
}
int sd, ret, length;
struct sockaddr_un addr;
socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
struct student *buf;
addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strncpy(addr.sun_path, SERVERPATH, 108);
sd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
length = sizeof(struct student) + strlen(argv[1]);//这是扩展后的长度。因为argv[1]的长度是不定的,所以需要扩展
buf = (struct student *)calloc(length, 1);
buf->length = length;
buf->chinese = 99;
buf->math = 87;
strncpy(buf->name, argv[1], strlen(argv[1]));
ret = sendto(sd, buf, length, 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&addr,
len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("sendto");
exit(1);
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
/*
1、变长数组:struct student {
int length;
int chinese;
int math;
char name[1];
};
name放在最后,以便于扩展。结构体是给编译器看的,是骗子。
char name[1]有用的是一个地址。
2、
*/
2、S
/*偷看数据包:UDP_server*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "comm.h"
int main(void)
{
int sd, ret, length;
struct sockaddr_un addr;
socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
struct student peekbuf, *ptr;
addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strncpy(addr.sun_path, SERVERPATH, 108);
sd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
unlink(SERVERPATH);
ret = bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr,
len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("bind");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
while (1) {
ret = recvfrom(sd, &peekbuf,
sizeof(peekbuf), MSG_PEEK,
NULL, NULL);//先偷看一下数据包
if (ret == -1) {
perror("recvfrom");
exit(1);
}
if (peekbuf.length > 0) {
length = peekbuf.length;
ptr = (struct student *)calloc(
length, 1);
if (NULL == ptr) {
perror("calloc");
continue;
}
ret = recvfrom(sd, ptr, length, 0,
NULL, NULL);//偷看后,没问题就取走数据包
if (ret == -1) {
perror("recvfrom");
exit(1);
}
printf("name=%s/n", ptr->name);
printf("math=%d/nchinese=%d/n",
ptr->math, ptr->chinese);
if (ptr) {
free(ptr);//别忘了free
ptr = NULL;
}
}
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
/*
1、偷看,只是先尝试着读数据,但它不会将数据从缓冲区取走
2、MSG_PEEK偷看(recvfrom的第四个参数)
3、写成NULL==ptr是因为怕写成了ptr=NULL
*/
3、C
/ *UNIX域:TCP_client*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#define SERVERPATH "/tmp/server"
int main(void)
{
int sd, newsd, ret;
struct sockaddr_un addr;
socklen_t length;
char buf[100];
addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strncpy(addr.sun_path, SERVERPATH, 108);
length = sizeof(addr);
sd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
ret = connect(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, //连接到服务器
length);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("connect");
exit(1);
}
while (1) {
ret = read(sd, buf, 100);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("read");
exit(1);
}
if (ret == 0)
break;
write(1, buf, ret);
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
3、S
/*UNIX域:TCP_server*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#define SERVERPATH "/tmp/server"
int processConnect(int newsd, int sd)
{
pid_t pid;
pid = fork();
if (pid == -1) {
perror("fork");
return pid;
}
if (pid == 0) {
close(sd);//别忘了关闭子进程的老sd
char buf[100];
int fd, ret;
fd = open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
if (fd == -1) {
perror("open");
return fd;
}
while (1) {
ret = read(fd, buf, 100);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("read");
return -1;
}
if (ret == 0) {
break;
}
write(newsd, buf, ret);
}
close(newsd);
close(fd);
exit(0);
}
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
int sd, newsd, ret;
struct sockaddr_un addr;
socklen_t length;
addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strncpy(addr.sun_path, SERVERPATH, 108);
length = sizeof(addr);
sd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
unlink(SERVERPATH);
ret = bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr,//UNIX域要绑定才能实现双向通信!!
length);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
ret = listen(sd, 10);//只是标志socket处于监听,不会在listen这阻塞
if (ret == -1) {
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
while (1) {//队列不为空时,accept返回一个新的套接字,专门用于交流;老的套接字继续监听,不受新的影响
newsd = accept(sd, NULL, NULL);//如果不关心请求方是谁的话,后两个参数写NULL就行
if (newsd == -1) {
perror("accept");
exit(1);
}
ret = processConnect(newsd, sd);
if (ret == -1) {
close(sd);
close(newsd);
exit(1);
}
close(newsd);
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
/*
1、TCP,流的套接字,字节流(双向)
2、
SERVER CLIENT
socket socket
bind 可bind可不bind
listen connect
accept
3、listen只是标志socket处于监听,不会在listen这阻塞
4、会在accept阻塞,队列不为空时,accept返回一个新的套接字(newsd),专门用于交流;老的套接字继续监听,不受新的影响
5、accept,如果不关心请求方是谁的话,后两个参数写NULL就行
6、accept位于死循环里
7、fork一个子进程后,因为继承了很多东西,例如sd。但是如果子进程不用老sd,那么要关闭它
*/
再来看网络:
1、C
/*网络INET: UDP_client*/
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <poll.h>
#define SERVERPORT 6789
#define CLIENTPORT 8989
struct student {
char name[20];
float avg;
};
int main(void)
{
int ret, sd;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
socklen_t server_len, client_len;
struct student buf;
struct pollfd event[2];
char rep[32];
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
client_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVERPORT);
client_addr.sin_port = htons(CLIENTPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "192.168.240.131",
&server_addr.sin_addr);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "192.168.240.131",
&client_addr.sin_addr);
server_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
client_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
#if 0
ret = bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)(&client_addr),
client_len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("bind");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
#endif
event[0].fd = 0;
event[0].events = POLLIN;
event[1].fd = sd;
event[1].events = POLLIN;
while (1) {
write(1, "Please input name and score:/n",
29);
POLL:
ret = poll(event, 2, -1);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("poll");
exit(1);
}
if (event[0].revents & POLLIN) {
scanf("%s %f", buf.name, &buf.avg);
buf.avg = htonl(buf.avg);
ret = sendto(sd, &buf, sizeof(buf),0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,server_len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("sendto");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
goto POLL;
}
if (event[1].revents & POLLIN) {
ret = recvfrom(sd, rep, 32, 0,
NULL, NULL);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("recvfrom");
exit(1);
}
printf("Jugement:%s/n", rep);
}
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
/*
1、网络走“大端”
2、htons():将一个16位数从主机字节序转换成网络字节序。
返回值:htons()返回一个网络字节序的值。
同类函数有:ntohs(),htonl(), ntohl().
3、Linux下2个IP地址转换函数,可以在将IP地址在“点分十进制”和“整数”之间转换 :
inet_pton:点分十进制转换成整数,inet_ntop:整数转换成点分十进制
4、网络:server要绑定,但client绑不绑定都可以,因为会随机给你选一个端口,以实现双向通信。
而本地UNIX域:client如果不绑定的活就不能实现双向通信
*/
1、S
/*网络INET: UDP_server*/
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h> /* superset of previous */
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define SERVERPORT 6789
struct student {
char name[20];
float avg;
};
int main(void)
{
int ret, sd;
char rep[32];
struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
socklen_t server_len, client_len;
struct student buf;
char ipbuf[16];//用于存ip地址.大小为16!记住
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVERPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "192.168.240.131",
&server_addr.sin_addr);
server_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
client_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
//daemon(0, 0);
sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
ret = bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)(&server_addr),
server_len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("bind");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
while (1) {
ret = recvfrom(sd, &buf, sizeof(buf), 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
&client_len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("recvfrom");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
if (ret > 0) {
buf.avg = ntohl(buf.avg);
printf("name=%s/n", buf.name);
printf("average point=%f/n",
buf.avg);
printf("client ip address:%s/n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET,
&client_addr.sin_addr,
ipbuf, 16));
printf("client port:%d/n",
ntohs(client_addr.sin_port));
}
if (buf.avg -60.0 >= 0.0) {
strncpy(rep, "Good", 32);
} else
strncpy(rep, "Bad", 32);
ret = sendto(sd, &rep, 32, 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
client_len);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("sendto");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
/*1、网络与本地UNIX域最大的区别就是sockaddr的构造不同
2、发送端:htonl
接收端:ntohl
3、UDP发的是包,用到两个函数:sendto,recvfrom
而TCP字节流操作。不用sendto和recvfrom,而是直接对一个套接字操作。
*/
2、C
/*网络INET: TCP_client*//*聊天*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h> /* superset of previous */
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define SERVERPATH "192.168.0.237"
#define CLIENTPATH "192.168.0.237"
#define SERVERPORT 1234
#define CLIENTPORT 5678
struct pollfd fds[2];
void poll_init(int sd)
{
fds[0].fd=0;
fds[0].events=POLLIN;
fds[1].fd=sd;
fds[1].events=POLLIN;
}
int main(void)
{
int sd,ret,i,j;
char buf[100];
char writebuf[100];
struct sockaddr_in server_addr,client_addr;
socklen_t server_len,client_len;
server_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port=htons(SERVERPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,SERVERPATH,&server_addr.sin_addr);
client_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
client_addr.sin_port=htons(CLIENTPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,CLIENTPATH,&client_addr.sin_addr);
server_len=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
client_len=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
sd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sd==-1)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
#if 0
ret=bind(sd,(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,client_len);
if(ret==-1)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
#endif
ret=connect(sd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,server_len);
if(ret==-1)
{
perror("connect");
exit(1);
}
poll_init(sd);
while(1)
{
printf("come in big while!/n");
ret=poll(fds,2,-1);
if(ret==-1)
{
perror("poll");
exit(1);
}
if(ret>0)
{
if(fds[0].revents & POLLIN)
{
i=read(0,writebuf,100);
if(i==-1)
{
perror("read");
exit(1);
}
write(sd,writebuf,i);
printf("client write over!/n");
continue;
}
if(fds[1].revents & POLLIN)
{
printf("come in fds[1]/n");//如果server退出了,即写端关闭,能读到文件尾。程序会不停地进来这里来。网络两端如果都不关闭,那么是读不到文件尾的,除非一方已关闭
while(1)
{
bzero(buf,100);
j=read(sd,buf,100);
if(j==-1)
{
perror("read");
exit(1);
}
write(1,buf,j);
if(j<100)
{
printf("client read over/n");
break;
}
}
}
}
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
/* 1、网络两端如果都不关闭,那么是读不到文件尾的,除非一方已关闭。
2、一般来说,服务器是不能关闭的
*/
2、S
/*网络INET: TCP_client*//*聊天*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h> /* superset of previous */
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <poll.h>
#define SERVERPATH "192.168.0.237"
#define CLIENTPATH "192.168.0.237"
#define SERVERPORT 1234
#define CLIENTPORT 5678
struct pollfd fds[2];
void poll_con(int newsd)
{
fds[0].fd=0;
fds[0].events=POLLIN;
fds[1].fd=newsd;
fds[1].events=POLLIN;
}
int ProcessConnect(int newsd,int sd)
{
pid_t pid=fork();
if(pid==-1)
{
perror("fork");
return pid;
}
if(pid==0)
{
close(sd);
int ret,r,re,end;
char buf[100];
char writebuf[100];
// dup2(newsd,1);
poll_con(newsd);
write(newsd,"server readly!/n",15);
while(1)
{
ret=poll(fds,2,-1);
if(ret>0)
{
if(fds[0].revents & POLLIN)
{
r=read(0,writebuf,100);
if(r==-1)
{
perror("read");
exit(1);
}
write(newsd,writebuf,r);
printf("server write over!/n");
continue;
}
if(fds[1].revents & POLLIN)//刚开始写成了revents!xxxx
{
while(1)
{
bzero(buf,100);
re=read(newsd,buf,100);
if(re==0)
{
goto OUT;//如果能读到文件尾,也就是client已关闭,那么就退出。适当的用一下goto也无妨
}
if(re==-1)
{
perror("read");
exit(1);
}
write(1,buf,re);
if(re<100)
{
// printf("server read over!/n");
break;
}
}
}
}
}
OUT:
printf("client out!/n");
// sleep(3);
close(newsd);
exit(0);
}
wait(NULL);
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
int sd,newsd,ret;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr,client_addr;
socklen_t server_len,client_len;
server_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port=htons(SERVERPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,SERVERPATH,&server_addr.sin_addr);
client_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
client_addr.sin_port=htons(CLIENTPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,CLIENTPATH,&client_addr.sin_addr);
server_len=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
client_len=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
sd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sd==-1)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
/***************server要绑定************/
#if 1
ret=bind(sd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,server_len);
if(ret==-1)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
#endif
ret=listen(sd,10);
if(ret==-1)
{
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
while(1)
{
newsd=accept(sd,NULL,NULL);
if(newsd==-1)
{
perror("accept");
exit(1);
}
ret=ProcessConnect(newsd,sd);
if(ret==-1)
{
perror("ProcessConnect");
exit(1);
}
close(newsd);
}
}
/*
1、本程序:来一个client,server会fork一个进程来与之对话。
2、网络:server要绑定,但client绑不绑定都可以,因为会随机给你选一个端口,以实现双向通信。
而本地UNIX域:client如果不绑定的活就不能实现双向通信。
3、用goto解决一方关闭问题
*/
三、其它
1、
/*从北京气象局网站取一张图片*/
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h> /* superset of previous */
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define PORT 80 //80端口
#define IPADDR "210.73.64.80" //北京气象局网站的IP
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usag.../n");
exit(1);
}
struct sockaddr_in addr;
int sd, fd, ret;
char needle[200];
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET, IPADDR, &addr.sin_addr);
sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
ret = connect(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr,
sizeof(addr));
if (ret == -1) {
perror("connect");
exit(1);
}
sprintf(needle,
"GET /data/cloud/1010090701.JPG/r/n");
//关键在这!!!!!
ret = write(sd, needle, strlen(needle));//写过去,告诉server你要什么了
if (ret == -1) {
perror("write");
exit(1);
}
fd = creat(argv[1], 0666);
if (fd == -1) {
perror("creat");
exit(1);
}
while (1) {
ret = read(sd, needle, 200);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("read");
exit(1);
}
if (ret == 0)
break;
if (ret > 0) {
write(1, ".", 1);
write(fd, needle, ret);
}
}
close(sd);
close(fd);
exit(0);
}
2、
/*getaddrinfo域名解析*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usag.../n");
exit(1);
}
struct addrinfo hints;
struct addrinfo *res, *cur;
int ret;
struct sockaddr_in *addr;
char ipbuf[16];
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
hints.ai_family = AF_INET; /* Allow IPv4 */
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; /* For wildcard IP address */
hints.ai_protocol = 0; /* Any protocol */
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
ret = getaddrinfo(argv[1], NULL,
&hints,
&res);
if (ret == -1) {
perror("getaddrinfo");
exit(1);
}
for (cur = res; cur != NULL; cur = cur->ai_next) {
addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)cur->ai_addr;
printf("%s/n", inet_ntop(AF_INET,
&addr->sin_addr, ipbuf, 16));
}
freeaddrinfo(res);
exit(0);
}