aria-label
正常情况下,form表单的input组件都有对应的label.当input组件获取到焦点时,屏幕阅读器会读出相应的label里的文本。
如:
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta charset = "utf-8">
- <title>demo</title>
- <link href="bootstrap-3.3.4-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
- <style type="text/css">
- body{padding: 20px;}
- </style>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form role = "form">
- <div class="form-group col-lg-3 form-horizontal">
- <label for = "idCard" class="control-label col-lg-5">身份证号:</label>
- <div class="col-lg-7">
- <input type = "text" id = "idCard" class="form-control">
- </div>
- </div>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
但是如果我们没有给输入框设置label时,当其获得焦点时,屏幕阅读器会读出aria-label属性的值,aria-label不会在视觉上呈现效果。
如:
- <body>
- <form role = "form">
- <div class="form-group col-lg-3 form-horizontal">
- <div class="col-lg-7">
- <input type = "text" id = "idCard" class="form-control" aria-label = "身份证号">
- </div>
- </div>
- </form>
- </body>

当想要的标签文本已在其他元素中存在时,可以使用aria-labelledby,并将其值为所有读取的元素的id。如下:
当ul获取到焦点时,屏幕阅读器是会读:“选择您的职位”
- <body>
- <div class="dropdown">
- <button type="button" class="btn dropdown-toggle" id="dropdownMenu1"
- data-toggle="dropdown">
- 选择您的职位
- <span class="caret"></span>
- </button>
- <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenu1">
- <li role="presentation">
- <a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="#">测试工程师</a>
- </li>
- <li role="presentation">
- <a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="#">开发工程师</a>
- </li>
- <li role="presentation">
- <a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="#">销售工程师</a>
- </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </body>
PS:如果一个元素同时有aria-labelledby和aria-label,读屏软件会优先读出aria-labelledby的内容