1.最近参与的项目,设计了一套定时任务系统,实现如下:
1.初始化任务
ScheduledFuture<?> future = threadPoolTaskScheduler.schedule((Runnable) Class.forName(cron.getCronClass()).newInstance(), new CronTrigger(cron.getCron()));
/**
* 存放已经启动的任务map
*/
private final Map<String, ScheduledFuture<?>> scheduledFutureMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
此时已经实现了定时任务的启停和动态周期,接着把启动的定时任务对象保存到map中,key为库中的name,value为ScheduledFuture对象,方便下次根据key获取到对象进行定时任务的停止。
ScheduledFuture<?> future = threadPoolTaskScheduler.schedule(getRunnable(scheduledTask), getTrigger(scheduledTask));
其中2个方法比较重要
读取配置中的要执行类名,并根据类名获取bean,进行调用
private Runnable getRunnable(ScheduleConfig config) {
return new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Class<?> clazz;
try {
clazz = Class.forName(config.getClassName());
String className = lowerFirstCapse(clazz.getSimpleName());
Object bean = ApplicationContextHelper.getBean(className);
Method method = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(bean.getClass(), config.getMethod());
ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(method, bean);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
}
读取配置中的表达式
private Trigger getTrigger(ScheduleConfig scheduleConfig) {
return new Trigger() {
@Override
public Date nextExecutionTime(TriggerContext triggerContext) {
CronTrigger trigger = new CronTrigger(scheduleConfig.getTaskCron());
Date nextExec = trigger.nextExecutionTime(triggerContext);
return nextExec;
}
};
}
ApplicationContextHelper实现如下:
@Component
public class ApplicationContextHelper implements ApplicationContextAware {
private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
public ApplicationContextHelper() {
}
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
ApplicationContextHelper.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
public static Object getBean(String beanName) {
return applicationContext != null?applicationContext.getBean(beanName):null;
}
}
实现起来,动态加载,实时可以进行增删改查,没问题,但是领导提了一点,你这个如果有100个运行的任务,那么就有100个线程了,这样占资源太多了,能不能修改下,只有1或者2个常驻线程?
2.根据这个思路,我换了一种实现方法:
- 使用Timer定时器,定时扫描数据库,为了方式扫描调用数据库频繁,放到缓存中
- 主要是获取到是启动状态的,获取表达式,解析表达式,对比下次执行时间
- 1分钟执行一次,对比下次时间跟当前时间,分钟数小于1,则加入队列中
- 定时器扫描队列1分钟一次,从队列中获取到配置,那么就调用执行方法,执行任务
- 执行方法使用的是反射实现,配置项存储调用类,方法名,进行调用
/**
* 程序启动时初始化
*/
public void initAllTask() {
//3秒后开始执行,每隔一分钟执行一次
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(new MainTimerTask(taskDao), 3 * 1000, 60 * 1000);
}
public class MainTimerTask extends TimerTask {
private static final String LIST_NAME = "taskConfigVOList";
private static TaskConfigQueue taskConfigQueue;
private final ScheduledTaskDao taskDao;
List<TaskConfigVO> voList;
public MainTimerTask(ScheduledTaskDao taskDao) {
this.taskDao = taskDao;
}
@Override
public void run() {
voList = new ArrayList<>(16);
if (CacheUtil.checkCache(LIST_NAME)) {
voList = (List<TaskConfigVO>) CacheUtil.getCache(LIST_NAME);
} else {
voList = taskDao.getAllNeedStartTask();
}
List<String> names = new ArrayList<>(16);
for (TaskConfigVO scheduledTask : voList) {
if (CronSequenceGenerator.isValidExpression(scheduledTask.getTaskCron())) {
CronSequenceGenerator cronSequenceGenerator = new CronSequenceGenerator(scheduledTask.getTaskCron());
Date currentTime = new Date();
// currentTime为计算下次时间点的开始时间
Date nextTimePoint = cronSequenceGenerator.next(currentTime);
double distanceMin = DateUtils.getDistanceMin(currentTime, nextTimePoint);
// log.debug("当前时间为[{}],下次执行时间为[{}],时间差为{}分钟", DateUtils.formatDateTime(currentTime), DateUtils.formatDateTime(nextTimePoint), distanceMin);
if (distanceMin < 1) {
// log.debug("时间已到,将任务[{}]存入队列", scheduledTask.getTaskName());
names.add(scheduledTask.getTaskName());
TaskConfigQueue.getInstance().offer(scheduledTask);
}
} else {
log.error("{}表达式格式不对", scheduledTask);
}
}
if (names.size() > 0) {
log.debug("扫描结束,如下任务存入队列中即将执行,{}", names.toString());
}
}
}
public class TaskConfigQueue {
private static BlockingQueue<TaskConfigVO> blockingQueue;
private static TaskConfigQueue taskConfigQueue;
private TaskConfigQueue() {
// 规定BlockingQueue的容量
blockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<TaskConfigVO>(100);
}
public static TaskConfigQueue getInstance() {
if (taskConfigQueue == null) {
synchronized (TaskConfigQueue.class) {
if (taskConfigQueue == null) {
taskConfigQueue = new TaskConfigQueue();
}
}
}
return taskConfigQueue;
}
/**
* 查看当前BlockingQueue的容量
*/
public int getTaskConfigVol() {
if (blockingQueue != null) {
return blockingQueue.size();
}
return 0;
}
/**
* 向BlockingQueue中放入指定的对象
*/
public void put(TaskConfigVO taskConfigVO) {
try {
blockingQueue.put(taskConfigVO);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("向队列放入对象[{}]发生异常[{}]", taskConfigVO, e);
}
}
/**
* 向BlockingQueue中放入指定的对象
*
* @param taskConfigVO TaskConfigVO
*/
public void offer(TaskConfigVO taskConfigVO) {
try {
blockingQueue.offer(taskConfigVO, 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("向队列放入对象[{}]发生异常[{}]", taskConfigVO, e);
}
}
/**
* 从BlockingQueue中提取指定对象
*
* @return TaskConfigVO
*/
public TaskConfigVO take() {
try {
return blockingQueue.take();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("向队列提取指定对象发生异常[{}]", e.getMessage());
}
return null;
}
/**
* 从BlockingQueue中提取指定对象
*
* @return TaskConfigVO
*/
public TaskConfigVO poll() {
TaskConfigVO configVO = null;
try {
configVO = blockingQueue.poll(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("向队列提取指定对象发生异常[{}]", e.getMessage());
}
return configVO;
}
}
public class Consumer {
@Resource
private TaskService taskService;
/**
* 此处使用了while循环,如果能获取到队列,则消费完后继续获取,
* 当获取到队列的消息TaskConfigVO为null时,代表现在队列中已经已经没有消息,
* 则跳出循环,60秒之后定时器再继续进行消费
*/
@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 60000)
public void consumerMessage() {
boolean isRunning = true;
while (isRunning) {
TaskConfigVO configVO = TaskConfigQueue.getInstance().poll();
if (null != configVO) {
log.debug("获取到消息,开始执行任务[taskName={}]", configVO.getTaskName());
taskService.initTask(configVO);
} else {
isRunning = false;
}
}
}
}
public class CacheUtil {
/**
* 缓存对象
*/
private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> CACHE_OBJECT_MAP = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CacheUtil.class);
/**
* 当前缓存个数
*/
private static final Integer CURRENT_SIZE = 0;
/**
* 设置缓存
*/
public static void setCache(String cacheKey, Object cacheValue) {
if (cacheValue == null) {
CACHE_OBJECT_MAP.put(cacheKey, "null");
LOGGER.debug("have set key :{},value is null", cacheKey);
} else {
CACHE_OBJECT_MAP.put(cacheKey, cacheValue);
}
LOGGER.debug("have set key :{}", cacheKey);
}
}
/**
* 调用实现类
*/
public void initTask(TaskConfigVO config) {
try {
// 这里通过反射调用方法,带入ScheduleConfigBO的参数
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(config.getClassName());
String className = lowerFirstCapse(clazz.getSimpleName());
Object bean = ApplicationContextHelper.getBean(className);
assert bean != null;
Method method_args = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(bean.getClass(), EXECUTE_METHOD, TaskConfigVO.class);
Method method = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(bean.getClass(), EXECUTE_METHOD);
if (method_args != null) {
log.debug("invoke method [{}] with args [{}]", EXECUTE_METHOD, config);
ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(method_args, bean, config);
} else if (method != null) {
log.debug("invoke method [{}] without args", EXECUTE_METHOD);
ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(method, bean);
} else {
log.error("method [{}] not found in class [{}]", EXECUTE_METHOD, config.getClassName());
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
log.error("Class [{}] Not Found ", config.getClassName());
}
}
----
加上定时任务配置项信息,以及实现
@ApiModel(value = "定时任务对象", description = "定时任务对象")
public class TaskConfigVO extends BaseEntity {
@ApiModelProperty(value = "定时任务名,唯一")
private String taskName;
/**
* 任务描述
*/
@ApiModelProperty(value = "任务描述")
private String taskDesc;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "任务表达式", example = "0 0 0 * * ?")
private String taskCron;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "定时任务状态,1:开启,0:关闭", example = "0")
private Integer status;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "任务类型,0:内部方法,1:外部URL(同步),2:外部URL(异步)")
private Integer type;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "调用类/接口地址")
private String className;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "需要调用外部的url地址")
private String url;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "获取响应的url地址,type=2时必填")
private String getResponseUrl;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "获取响应超时时间,默认5分钟")
private String timeOut;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "需要调用的请求(json)")
private String request;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "扩展属性,一般用于内部传参", hidden = true)
private Map<String, String> extMap;
}
@Service
public class LockUserTask {
@Resource
private UserDao userDao;
@Transactional
public Object run(TaskConfigVO config) {
log.error("LockUserTask starting ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………");
List<String> userIds = new ArrayList<>();
List<UserEntity> userVOList = userDao.queryAllUsers();
if(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(userVOList)){
log.error("LockUserTask userVOList is null");
return null;
}
// 循环过滤出需要锁定的用户
for(UserEntity vo:userVOList){
Date createTime = vo.getCreatedTime();
Date lastLoginTime = vo.getLastLoginTime();
if(judgeAccountIsNeedLock(createTime,lastLoginTime)){
userIds.add(vo.getUserId());
}
}
// 如果需要锁定的账号不为空,则不需要处理用户锁定状态
if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(userIds)){
userDao.batchUpdateUserStatus(userIds);
}
return null;
}
/**
* 判断用户是否锁定
* @param createTime
* @param lastLoginTime
* @return true 需要锁定,false 不需要
*/
private boolean judgeAccountIsNeedLock(Date createTime,Date lastLoginTime){
double distanceDays = 0;
Date now = new Date();
if(null == lastLoginTime){
distanceDays = DateUtils.getDistanceOfTwoDate(createTime,now);
} else{
distanceDays = DateUtils.getDistanceOfTwoDate(lastLoginTime,now);
}
// TODO 90 后面做成配置
if(distanceDays>=90){
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
这样大家给评论下,上下哪种更好呢? 下面的常驻线程就2个,而且实现了队列,如果我需要修改定时任务配置,调接口的时候顺带刷新缓存就行了,不会频繁调用数据库查询
本文介绍了一种定时任务系统的两种实现方案。第一种方案利用线程池实现任务的启动与停止,但存在线程资源占用过多的问题。第二种方案采用定时器扫描数据库并使用队列来调度任务,减少了线程资源的消耗。
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