Spring MVC 传递参数的几种方式

原创 于 2020-05-09 16:18:19 发布 · 919 阅读 · 1 ·
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本文深入讲解了使用Ajax发送不同类型的参数到服务器的方法，包括简单参数、数组参数、对象参数及文件上传，展示了如何在控制器中正确接收这些参数。

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一 ajax带简单参数请求

controller

import com.pandabus.framework.base.web.controller.BaseController;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/testParam/")
public class TestParamController extends BaseController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "index", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String index(Model model) {
        return "testParam";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "test")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> test(String name, Integer age) throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("name", name);
        result.put("age", age);
        return result;
    }

}

jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/plugins/inspinia/js/jquery-2.1.1.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<script type="text/javascript">
    $.ajax({
        url: 'test.json',
        type: 'post',
        data: {
            name: '二狗',
            age: 3
        },
        async: true,
        cache: false,
        success: function (data) {
            console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
        }
    });
</script>

</body>

</html>

页面
在这里插入图片描述

二 ajax带数组参数请求

controller

import com.pandabus.framework.base.web.controller.BaseController;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/testParam/")
public class TestParamController extends BaseController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "index", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String index(Model model) {
        return "testParam";
    }

    /**
     * @param name
     * @param food 页面的food:[1,2,3]会已 food[]:1,food[]:2,food[]:3形式发送过来，所以这里要给food参数起个food[]别名，这样才能接收到
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "test")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> test(String name, @RequestParam(name = "food[]") String[] food) throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("name", name);
        result.put("food", food);
        return result;
    }

}

jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/plugins/inspinia/js/jquery-2.1.1.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<script type="text/javascript">
    $.ajax({
        url: 'test.json',
        type: 'post',
        data: {
            name: '二狗',
            food: ['狗粮','骨头','营养膏']
        },
        async: true,
        cache: false,
        success: function (data) {
            console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
        }
    });
</script>

</body>

</html>

页面
在这里插入图片描述

三 ajax带对象请求

实体类

package com.pandabus.custom.controller;

public class Dog {
    private String name;
    private String[] food;
    private Integer age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String[] getFood() {
        return food;
    }

    public void setFood(String[] food) {
        this.food = food;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

controller

import com.pandabus.framework.base.web.controller.BaseController;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/testParam/")
public class TestParamController extends BaseController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "index", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String index(Model model) {
        return "testParam";
    }

    /***
     *
     * @param dog 需要添加@RequestBody注解，这样SpringMvc会把收到的JSON反序列化成实体
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "test")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> test(@RequestBody Dog dog) throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("dog", dog);
        return result;
    }

}

JSP

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/plugins/inspinia/js/jquery-2.1.1.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<script type="text/javascript">
    var dog = {
        name: '二狗',
        food: ['狗粮', '骨头', '营养膏'],
        age: 3
    };

    $.ajax({
        url: 'test.json',
        type: 'post',
        contentType: 'application/json',//需要指定contentType
        data: JSON.stringify(dog),//传递对象的json
        async: true,
        cache: false,
        success: function (data) {
            console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
        }
    });
</script>

</body>

</html>

页面

四 ajax表单上传文件

controller

import com.pandabus.framework.base.web.controller.BaseController;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/testParam/")
public class TestParamController extends BaseController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "index", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String index(Model model) {
        return "testParam";
    }

    /***
     *
     * @param file 必须指定@RequestParam
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "test")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> test(@RequestParam(name = "file") CommonsMultipartFile file) throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("content", readFile(file));
        return result;
    }

    private List<String> readFile(CommonsMultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(file.getInputStream()));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                result.add(line);
            }
            return result;
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw ex;
        } finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                reader.close();
            }
        }

    }
}

JSP

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/plugins/inspinia/js/jquery-2.1.1.js"></script>
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/js/jquery.form.js"></script> <!--引入jquery.form-->
</head>
<body>
<!-- form 指定 enctype -->
<form class="form-horizontal" id="uploadTxtForm" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" class="form-control" name="file" id="file">
    <button type="button" id="btn_upload">上传</button>
</form>

<script type="text/javascript">
    $("#btn_upload").click(function () {
        var option = {
            url: "test.json",
            type: "POST",
            async: true,
            success: function (data) {
                console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
            }
        };
        $("#uploadTxtForm").ajaxSubmit(option); //ajax 提交表单
    });
</script>

</body>

</html>

页面
在这里插入图片描述

五 ajax同时提交文件和参数

controller

import com.pandabus.framework.base.web.controller.BaseController;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/testParam/")
public class TestParamController extends BaseController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "index", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String index(Model model) {
        return "testParam";
    }

    /***
     *
     * @param file 必须指定@RequestParam
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "test")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> test(@RequestParam(name = "file") CommonsMultipartFile file, String storyName) throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("content", readFile(file));
        result.put("storyName", storyName);
        return result;
    }

    private List<String> readFile(CommonsMultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(file.getInputStream()));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                result.add(line);
            }
            return result;
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw ex;
        } finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                reader.close();
            }
        }

    }
}

JSP

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/plugins/inspinia/js/jquery-2.1.1.js"></script>
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/js/jquery.form.js"></script> <!--引入jquery.form-->
</head>
<body>
<!-- form 指定 enctype -->
<form class="form-horizontal" id="uploadTxtForm" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" class="form-control" name="file">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" name="storyName"><br>
    <button type="button" id="btn_upload">提交</button>
</form>

<script type="text/javascript">
    $("#btn_upload").click(function () {
        var option = {
            url: "test.json",
            type: "POST",
            async: true,
            success: function (data) {
                console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
            }
        };
        $("#uploadTxtForm").ajaxSubmit(option); //ajax 提交表单
    });
</script>

</body>

</html>

页面
在这里插入图片描述

六 Java代码同时上传文本和附件

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public final class Test {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://xxxx:8080/yyyy//deviceConfig/uploadLogs.json");
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        CloseableHttpResponse resp = null;
        String respondBody = null;
        try {
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(200000).setSocketTimeout(200000000).build();
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);

            MultipartEntityBuilder multipartEntityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
            multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody("file", new File("/var/root/Desktop/aaa.txt"));//附件
            multipartEntityBuilder.addTextBody("logOperationId", "18");//普通参数
            HttpEntity httpEntity = multipartEntityBuilder.build();
            httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);
            resp = client.execute(httpPost);
            respondBody = EntityUtils.toString(resp.getEntity());
            System.out.println(respondBody);
        } catch (IOException | ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            resp.close();
        }
    }

}


@ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(value = "uploadLogs")
    public Map<String, Object> uploadLogs(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, Integer logOperationId) throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        //TODO 操作参数
        return result;
    }
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