The 2nd GIS-focused algorithm competition, GISCUP 2013

最新推荐文章于 2025-01-23 23:46:20 发布
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#competition #国际算法竞赛 #地理信息系统数学算法

ACMSIGSPATIAL组织举办2013年算法竞赛，主题为地理围栏，旨在识别地理数据集中的点与多边形对，满足特定空间条件。竞赛奖励丰厚，包括现金奖金、论文发表机会及专业认证，鼓励学生参与作为学期项目。

Following the success of the previous event, ACM SIGSPATIAL is organizing an algorithm contest (ACM SIGSPATIAL Cup 2013) with winners to be announced at the ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS conference
in November 2013. As an expert in the field, the organization committee members encourage you to engage your students in the contest. We are announcing the contest before the spring semester
starts in order to give the opportunity for students to participate in the contest as a semester long course project. Kindly find below the call for contest. Please consider joining the
contest mailing list to directly receive updates related to the competition.

CALL FOR CONTEST PARTICIPATION
 
ACM SIGSPATIAL is organizing an algorithm contest with winners to be announced at the ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS conference in November 2013 (http://dmlab.cs.umn.edu/GISCUP2013). The contest will
be about geo-fencing, which represents a virtual perimeter for a real-world geographic area. Geo-fencing is used widely in location-based services, e.g., location-based advertisements
(which send the targeted ads to the users when they are close to the shopping mall) and child location services (which notify parents when a child leaves a designated area).
 
For the contest, each team will be given access to a large amount of point locations and spatial polygons along with some spatial predicates. We want to find every (point, polygon) pair in
the dataset that satisfies the spatial predicate. The submitted programs will be evaluated by the contest organizers on multiple datasets and will be ranked quantitatively based on their
correctness and speed.
 
The first place team will receive US$ 500. Second place will receive US$ 400. Third place will receive US$ 300. In addition to the prizes, the top three teams will be invited to submit a
four page paper for a contest paper session to be held at the 2013 ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS conference. These papers will be subject to review and acceptance by the contest organizers, but it is
expected that each of the top three teams will have their paper in the conference proceedings, a ten-minute presentation in the contest session, and a poster presentation in the conference's
regular poster session. At least one team member of each winning team must register for the ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS conference.
 
Submissions are due August 1st, 2013 at 17:00 PST.
 
See http://dmlab.cs.umn.edu/GISCUP2013 for more details, including detailed problem definition and sample data set for testing.

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### Nguyen-Stern Algorithm Explanation The Nguyen-Stern algorithm is a cryptographic method designed to forge signatures under certain conditions, particularly targeting hash functions with specific vulnerabilities. This algorithm exploits the birthday paradox to find collisions in short-message hashes[^1]. In essence, this approach allows an attacker to generate two different messages that produce the same hash output when processed through a vulnerable hash function. The core principle relies on creating numerous pairs of messages until a pair producing identical hash outputs can be found. For practical application scenarios, the algorithm has been demonstrated against various signature schemes where it could potentially exploit weaknesses within underlying hash mechanisms used during signing processes[^2]. ### Implementation Considerations Implementing the Nguyen-Stern attack involves several key steps focused around generating message pairs efficiently while checking for collision occurrences: ```python import hashlib from itertools import combinations def nguyen_stern_attack(hash_function='sha1', rounds=1000): """Demonstrates a simplified version of the Nguyen-Stern attack.""" def create_message_pair(i): m1 = f'Message A {i}'.encode() m2 = f'Message B {i}'.encode() return (m1, m2) seen_hashes = {} for i in range(rounds): msg_a, msg_b = create_message_pair(i) hsa = getattr(hashlib, hash_function)(msg_a).hexdigest() hsb = getattr(hashlib, hash_function)(msg_b).hexdigest() if hsa == hsb: print(f"Collision detected between:\n{msg_a.decode()}\nand\n{msg_b.decode()}") # Store hashes for later comparison if hsa not in seen_hashes: seen_hashes[hsa] = msg_a elif hsb not in seen_hashes: seen_hashes[hsb] = msg_b # Check all previously stored hashes against new ones for ha, hb in combinations(seen_hashes.values(), 2): if getattr(hashlib, hash_function)(ha).hexdigest() == getattr(hashlib, hash_function)(hb).hexdigest(): print(f"Found collision after storing more hashes.\nBetween:\n{ha.decode()}\nand\n{hb.decode()}") nguyen_stern_attack('md5') ``` This code snippet provides a basic simulation of how one might attempt to implement aspects of the Nguyen-Stern attack using Python's `hashlib` library. Note that real-world applications would require significantly greater complexity and computational resources than what is shown here[^3]. --related questions-- 1. What are some common defenses against attacks like those enabled by the Nguyen-Stern algorithm? 2. How do modern hashing algorithms mitigate risks associated with collision-based attacks such as Nguyen-Stern? 3. Can you provide examples of other famous cryptanalysis techniques similar to or inspired by the principles behind Nguyen-Stern? 4. In which types of systems or protocols was the vulnerability exploited by Nguyen-Stern most prevalent historically? [^1]: Description about exploiting birthdays paradox. [^2]: Practical implications discussed regarding digital signatures. [^3]: Simplified example provided demonstrating concept.
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