#ifdef _DEBUG // 判断是否定义_DEBUG
#undef THIS_FILE // 取消THIS_FILE的定义
static char THIS_FILE[]=__FILE__; // 定义THIS_FILE指向文件名
#define new DEBUG_NEW // 定义调试new宏,取代new关键字
#endif // 结束
如果定义了_DEBUG,表示在调试状态下编译,因此相应修改了两个符号的定义
THIS_FILE是一个char数组全局变量,字符串值为当前文件的全路径,这样在Debug版本中当程序出错时出错处理代码可用这个变量告诉你是哪个文件中的代码有问题。
定义_DEBUG后,由于定义了_DEBUG,编译器确定这是一个调试,编译#ifdef _DEBUG和#endif之间的代码。#undef
表示清除当前定义的宏,使得THIS_FILE无定义。__FILE__
是编译器能识别的事先定义的ANSI C
的6个宏之一。#define new DEBUG_NEW
DEBUG_NEW定位内存泄露并且跟踪文件名.
在用vc时,利用AppWizard会产生如下代码:
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
#endif
对于
#define new DEBUG_NEW
首先看msdn的解释:
Assists in finding memory leaks. You canuse DEBUG_NEW everywhere in your program that you would ordinarily use the newoperator to allocate heap storage.
In debug mode (when the _DEBUG symbol isdefined), DEBUG_NEW keeps track of the filename and line number for each objectthat it allocates. Then, when you use the CMemoryState::DumpAllObjectsSincemember function, each object allocated with DEBUG_NEW is shown with thefilename and line number where it was allocated.
To use DEBUG_NEW, insert the followingdirective into your source files:
#definenew DEBUG_NEW
Once you insert this directive, thepreprocessor will insert DEBUG_NEW wherever you use new, and MFC does the rest.When you compile a release version of your program, DEBUG_NEW resolves to asimple new operation, and the filename and line number information is notgenerated.
再查看定义:
#ifdef _DEBUG
void* AFX_CDECL operator new(size_tnSize, LPCSTR lpszFileName, int nLine);
#define DEBUG_NEW new(THIS_FILE, __LINE__)
#else
#define DEBUG_NEW new
#endif
这样就很清楚了,当在debug模式下时,我们分配内存时的new被替换成DEBUG_NEW,而这个DEBUG_NEW不仅要传入内存块的大小,还要传入源文件名和行号,这就有个好处,即当发生内存泄漏时,我们可以在调试模式下定位到该问题代码处。若删掉该句,就不能进行定位了。而在release版本下的new就是简单的new,并不会传入文件名和行号。
因此,我们在开发代码阶段,保留上述代码是值得的。