CursorWindow can not be created due to cursor [memory] leak

本文记录了Android系统中因Cursor泄露导致内存耗尽的问题,分析了错误日志并给出了解决方案。

记录了Android系统上由于cursor泄露导致内存耗尽(error -12)导致的CursorWindow不能再创建的Issue。

[Symptom]

08-30 20:27:36.751 E/CursorWindow(  760): Could not allocate CursorWindow '/data/data/com.android.providers.media/databases/external.db' of size 2097152 due to error -12.
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760): *** Uncaught remote exception!  (Exceptions are not yet supported across processes.)
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760): android.database.CursorWindowAllocationException: Cursor window allocation of 2048 kb failed. # Open Cursors=781 (# cursors opened by pid 3105=781)
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760):  at android.database.CursorWindow.<init>(CursorWindow.java:104)
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760):  at android.database.AbstractWindowedCursor.clearOrCreateWindow(AbstractWindowedCursor.java:198)
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760):  at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor.fillWindow(SQLiteCursor.java:162)
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760):  at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor.getCount(SQLiteCursor.java:156)
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760):  at android.database.CursorToBulkCursorAdaptor.count(CursorToBulkCursorAdaptor.java:184)
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760):  at android.content.ContentProviderNative.onTransact(ContentProviderNative.java:117)
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760):  at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:338)
08-30 20:27:36.771 E/JavaBinder(  760):  at dalvik.system.NativeStart.run(Native Method)

[Analysis]

logcat中有很明显的下列输出

Could not allocate CursorWindow '/data/data/com.android.providers.media/databases/external.db' of size 2097152due to error -12

主要是due to error -12, ENOMEM,除非是其它原因内存耗尽,否则一般情况下是cursor泄露;注意errno是-12,如果是-24,EMFILE,则表示是进程内文件描述符耗尽,则未必是cursor泄露的原因。

继续从logcat中向前找,会发现大量的下列输出,

08-30 20:27:24.909 D/dalvikvm( 3105): GC_EXPLICIT freed 1686K, 26% free 15810K/21315K, paused 8ms+16ms
08-30 20:27:24.919 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.929 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.949 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.949 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.969 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.989 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.989 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.989 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.999 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.999 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:24.999 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.009 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.009 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.009 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.019 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.019 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.019 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.019 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.029 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.029 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.029 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.039 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.039 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.039 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.039 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.049 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.049 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.049 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.049 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.049 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.049 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.059 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.059 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.059 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.059 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.059 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.059 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.069 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.069 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.069 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.069 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.069 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.069 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.069 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.079 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.079 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.079 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.079 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.079 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:27:25.079 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()

08-30 20:26:57.179 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.189 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.209 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.229 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.249 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.259 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.269 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.279 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.299 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.299 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.299 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.309 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.309 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.309 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.309 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.309 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.319 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.319 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.319 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.319 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.319 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.329 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.339 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.339 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.339 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.349 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.349 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.349 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.359 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.359 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.369 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.369 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.369 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.369 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.369 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.379 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.379 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.389 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.389 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.389 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.389 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.399 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.399 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.399 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.399 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.409 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.409 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.409 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.409 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()
08-30 20:26:57.419 W/CursorWrapperInner( 3105): Cursor finalized without prior close()

说明有很明显的cursor leak。

解决办法是找到使用cursor的地方,在使用完毕后cursor.close()即可。

Cursor和CursorWindow的关系,参见Concepts of Cursor and CursorWindow on android platform

 

### Identifying and Preventing Memory Leaks in Software Development Memory leaks are a common issue in software development, particularly in applications that manage memory manually. A memory leak occurs when a program allocates memory and fails to release it after it is no longer needed. Over time, this can lead to excessive memory consumption, degraded performance, or even application crashes. Detecting and preventing memory leaks is crucial for maintaining application stability and efficiency. #### Identifying Memory Leaks To identify memory leaks, developers can use a combination of tools and techniques: - **Profiling Tools**: Tools like Valgrind for C/C++, VisualVM for Java, or Instruments for macOS and iOS can track memory allocations and detect memory leaks. These tools provide detailed reports on memory usage over time and can pinpoint areas where memory is not being properly released. - **Logging and Debugging**: By logging memory allocation and deallocation events, developers can manually inspect logs to identify discrepancies. Setting breakpoints in a debugger can also help track down where memory is being allocated without being freed. - **Unit Testing**: Writing unit tests that monitor memory usage can help detect memory leaks in specific functions or modules. For example, running a function repeatedly and observing if memory usage increases linearly can indicate a memory leak. - **Code Reviews**: Regular code reviews can help catch memory management issues early. Reviewers should look for patterns such as missing `free()` calls in C, unbalanced `retain`/`release` in Objective-C, or failure to close resources in languages like Java. #### Preventing Memory Leaks Preventing memory leaks involves adopting best practices and using modern programming techniques: - **Use Smart Pointers (C++)**: In C++, smart pointers like `std::unique_ptr` and `std::shared_ptr` automatically manage memory, reducing the risk of leaks. These pointers ensure that memory is released when it is no longer referenced. - **Garbage Collection (Java, .NET)**: Languages with built-in garbage collection, such as Java and C#, reduce the burden of manual memory management. However, developers should still be cautious with object lifetimes and avoid unintentional object retention, such as holding references in static collections. - **Resource Management Patterns**: Use patterns like RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization) in C++ or try-with-resources in Java to ensure that resources are properly released when they are no longer needed. - **Avoid Circular References**: In environments with reference counting (e.g., Objective-C, Python), circular references can prevent objects from being deallocated. Using weak references can help break these cycles. - **Use Memory-Safe Languages**: Consider using memory-safe languages like Rust, which enforce memory safety at compile time without relying on a garbage collector. #### Example: Detecting a Memory Leak in C ```c #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> void leak_memory() { char *buffer = (char *)malloc(100); // Forgot to free the buffer } int main() { while (1) { leak_memory(); sleep(1); // Simulate ongoing process } return 0; } ``` In this example, the `leak_memory` function allocates memory but never frees it. Over time, this will cause the program's memory usage to grow indefinitely. Tools like Valgrind can detect this leak and report the source. #### Example: Using Smart Pointers in C++ ```cpp #include <memory> #include <iostream> void safe_memory() { std::unique_ptr<int> ptr(new int(42)); std::cout << *ptr << std::endl; // Memory is automatically freed when ptr goes out of scope } int main() { safe_memory(); return 0; } ``` Here, `std::unique_ptr` ensures that the allocated memory is automatically released when the pointer goes out of scope, preventing a memory leak. #### Example: Using Try-With-Resources in Java ```java import java.io.*; public class ResourceExample { public static void main(String[] args) { try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file.txt"))) { String line; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` In this Java example, the `BufferedReader` is declared within a try-with-resources statement, ensuring that it is closed automatically at the end of the block. ###
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