如何在Spring中配置Websocket

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-29 16:04:54 发布

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本文深入探讨了 Spring Websocket 技术在实时通信领域的应用，包括配置、依赖包、XML 和类配置方式、消息类和 Controller 定义、客户端页面实现以及运行结果分析。重点介绍了如何在传统 Spring 方式下构建 Websocket 系统，以及如何通过示例工程进行实践。

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Websocket是HTML5的一项新技术，可以让服务端和客户端进行实时的通信，主要的使用场景有: 实时的聊天系统，对实时性要求比较高的游戏，或者金融行业对股票市场数据的及时获取等。在Spring3的时候就已经有了对Websocket的支持，不过需要一些高版本的web容器来运行，比如Tomcat7.0.47+，Jetty9等。

在Spring的官网上有关于Websocket的示例工程，https://spring.io/guides/gs/messaging-stomp-websocket/，里面简单介绍了如何通过Spring-boot来进行Websocket系统的构建。我们的例子将基于这个例子进行修改，但是是使用传统的Spring的方式进行配置。

依赖包

首先我们需要添加相关的依赖包:

Websocket需要servlet3.1的版本
spring-websocket和spring-messaging是Spring关于Websocket的组件
使用Jackson进行json数据的处理

build.gradle

 
  String springVersion = "4.1.4.RELEASE"
String jacksonDatabindVersion = "2.5.0"
String jacksonVersion = "1.9.13"
dependencies {

    //websocket
    compile("javax.websocket:javax.websocket-api:1.1")
    compile("javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:3.1.0")

  //spring
    compile("org.springframework:spring-messaging:" + springVersion)
    compile("org.springframework:spring-websocket:" + springVersion)

    //json
    compile "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:" + jacksonDatabindVersion
    compile "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:" + jacksonVersion
    compile "org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl:" + jacksonVersion
}
 
 

xml配置（类配置）

我们有两种方式进行Websocket的配置，一种是通过xml文件的方式，在这里我们定义了websocket的配置信息，这样服务器往客户端发送消息就可以通过/topic/xx来发送，客户端则可以通过/app/hello来发送消息到服务端。

 
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:websocket="http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket/spring-websocket.xsd">

    ...... // other configurations

    <websocket:message-broker application-destination-prefix="/app">
        <websocket:stomp-endpoint path="/hello">
            <websocket:sockjs/>
        </websocket:stomp-endpoint>
        <websocket:simple-broker prefix="/topic"/>
    </websocket:message-broker>
</beans>
 
 

另外一种方式是通过类的方式，代码如下，功能与上面的xml配置相同:

WebSocketConfig.java

 
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig extends AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {

  @Override
  public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
      config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
      config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
  }

  @Override
  public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
      registry.addEndpoint("/hello").withSockJS();
  }
}
 
 

消息类和Controller定义

Controller定义:

WebSocketConfig.java

 
  import com.zzm.wechat.model.Greeting;
import com.zzm.wechat.model.HelloMessage;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.SendTo;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class GreetingController {
    @MessageMapping("/hello")
    @SendTo("/topic/greetings")
    public Greeting greeting(HelloMessage message) throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(3000); // simulated delay
        return new Greeting("Hello, " + message.getName() + "!");
    }
}
 
 

消息model的定义:

WebSocketConfig.java

 
  public class Greeting {
    private String content;

    public Greeting(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }
}

public class HelloMessage {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}
 
 

在web.xml中设置controller的url前缀，这样可以避免一些页面的url被controller拦截。

web.xml

 
      <servlet>
      <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/api/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
 
 

客户端页面

首先下载stomp.js和sockjs.js，然后编写一个html页面进行客户端websocket的连接，并实现发送消息和接收消息的功能。我们使用SockJS的方式来创建Websocket连接，注意url要加上domain名称(这里是server)和api前缀。

demo.html

 
  <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Hello WebSocket</title>
    <script src="resources/sockjs-0.3.4.js"></script>
    <script src="resources/stomp.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var stompClient = null;

        function setConnected(connected) {
            document.getElementById('connect').disabled = connected;
            document.getElementById('disconnect').disabled = !connected;
            document.getElementById('conversationDiv').style.visibility = connected ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
            document.getElementById('response').innerHTML = '';
        }

        function connect() {
            var socket = new SockJS('/server/api/hello');
            stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);
            stompClient.connect({}, function(frame) {
                setConnected(true);
                console.log('Connected: ' + frame);
                stompClient.subscribe('/topic/greetings', function(greeting){
                    showGreeting(JSON.parse(greeting.body).content);
                });
            });
        }

        function disconnect() {
            if (stompClient != null) {
                stompClient.disconnect();
            }
            setConnected(false);
            console.log("Disconnected");
        }

        function sendName() {
            var name = document.getElementById('name').value;
            stompClient.send("/app/hello", {}, JSON.stringify({ 'name': name }));
        }

        function showGreeting(message) {
            var response = document.getElementById('response');
            var p = document.createElement('p');
            p.style.wordWrap = 'break-word';
            p.appendChild(document.createTextNode(message));
            response.appendChild(p);
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body onload="disconnect()">
<noscript><h2 style="color: #ff0000">Seems your browser doesn't support Javascript! Websocket relies on Javascript being enabled. Please enable
    Javascript and reload this page!</h2></noscript>
<div>
    <div>
        <button id="connect" onclick="connect();">Connect</button>
        <button id="disconnect" disabled="disabled" onclick="disconnect();">Disconnect</button>
    </div>
    <div id="conversationDiv">
        <label>What is your name?</label><input type="text" id="name" />
        <button id="sendName" onclick="sendName();">Send</button>
        <p id="response"></p>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
 
 

运行结果：

浏览器console信息:

 
  Disconnected
chrome-extension://fhhdlnnepfjhlhilgmeepgkhjmhhhjkh/js/detector.js:505 detector
chrome-extension://fhhdlnnepfjhlhilgmeepgkhjmhhhjkh/js/detector.js:506 Object
stomp.js:130 Opening Web Socket...
stomp.js:130 Web Socket Opened...
stomp.js:130 >>> CONNECT
accept-version:1.1,1.0
heart-beat:10000,10000

<<< CONNECTED
version:1.1
heart-beat:0,0

connected to server undefined
demo.html:22 Connected: CONNECTED
heart-beat:0,0
version:1.1

>>> SUBSCRIBE
id:sub-0
destination:/topic/greetings

>>> SEND
destination:/app/hello
content-length:14

{"name":"zzm"}
<<< MESSAGE
destination:/topic/greetings
content-type:application/json;charset=UTF-8
subscription:sub-0
message-id:3657pj5u-0
content-length:25

{"content":"Hello, zzm!"}
 
 

gradle运行jetty9

gradle内置的Jetty版本是Jetty6，由于版本较低不支持websocket，所以我们测试的话需要打包并部署到Jetty9或Tomcat7.0.47+上，但我们可以通过其他gradle插件来把我们的本地服务运行到Jetty9上。这里介绍2个插件，Gretty和Cargo。

Gretty

在build.gradle中添加如下脚本:

build.gradle

 
  buildscript {
    repositories {
        maven {
            url "http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/"
        }
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'org.akhikhl.gretty:gretty:+'
    }
}

apply plugin: 'org.akhikhl.gretty'
// apply plugin: 'jetty' 注意要注释掉原来的jetty插件

gretty {
    httpPort = 9898 // 指定web服务的http端口
    servletContainer = 'jetty9' // 这里可以指定tomcat,jetty的几个版本
}
 
 

然后运行gradle appRun即可。

Cargo

在build.gradle中添加如下脚本，注意要先下载jetty9的安装包并解压:

build.gradle

 
  buildscript {
    repositories {
        maven {
            url "http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/"
        }
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.bmuschko:gradle-cargo-plugin:2.1'
    }
}

apply plugin: 'com.bmuschko.cargo'
cargo {
    containerId = 'jetty9x'
    port = 9898
    local {
        homeDir = file('/Users/zhaozhiming/tools/jetty-distribution-9.2.10.v20150310')
    }
}
 
 