redhat设置本地ISO为yum源

redhat 系统想要直接在线通过yum的条件时需要注册，一般用户都是非注册的，这个时候如果要想通过yum安装新软件，我们可以通过将安装盘镜像ISO文件设置为yum源的方式来进行。一般经过下面几步

第一步：上传安装进项文件到服务器上。例如我将rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso上传到/home目录下

第二步：mount iso文件。到本地目录mount -o loop -t iso9660 /mnt/cdrom /home/rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso 。其中/mnt/cdrom目录需提前创建好。

第三步：新建一个/etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo文件。其中文件内容如下

[CDROM]
name=isofile
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

其中

CDROM是yum源名称。

baseurl设置为iso镜像文件mount的目录/mnt/cdrom

enable的值必须是1

gpgcheck的值随便

gpgkey文件设置为/mnt/cdrom目录下的RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release即可

保存退出后，执行下面的命令验证yum源是否设置好了

yum list gcc

Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Available Packages
gcc.x86_64                                 4.4.7-3.el6                                  CDROM

如上所示，提示在CDROM这个yum源中找到gcc.x86_64的包。说明本地ISO的yum源设置好了。后面可以通过yum install命令安装ISO中有的软件包了。

实际上，不新建/etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo也是可以的。直接编辑系统自带的/etc/yum.repos.d/ rhel-source.repo.repo文件也可以。将内容添加到文件后面，如下所示也可以

[rhel-source]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[rhel-source-beta]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Beta - $basearch - Source
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/beta/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta,file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release


[CDROM]
name=isofile
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

效果一样。

远程安装实施时，如何配置远程服务器的本地yum安装源

 

overview

1.使用 ftp 将 Oracle Linux-R5-U8-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso 上传到 /home 目录下。再使用 mount 命令挂载镜像。

 mount/home/OracleLinux-R5-U8-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso /media -o loop

 2.确认xx.iso已经在/media 下。

cd /media     ll

 3.编辑yum配置文件：

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/oel-media.repo

 [oel-media]

name= oel 5.8

baseurl=file:///media/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

 

4.清除yum缓存，使用yuminstall自动安装软件

yum clean all

yum install oracle-validated

 

 

FYI：

以下案例为使用oracle linux 自带的 oracle-validated-rpm 自动配置oracle linux的安装环境。

[root@lixora home]# ll

total 6884764

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  801603584 Jun 28 06:39 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3884036096 Jun 2807:06 OracleLinux-R5-U8-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1307536871 Jun 2806:50 p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1049912579 Jun 2806:49 p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

 

挂载镜像

[root@lixora home]# mount/home/OracleLinux-R5-U8-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso /media -o loop

[root@lixora home]# cd /media

[root@lixora media]# ll

total 732

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   5165 Feb 29 2012 blafdoc.css

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   2048 Feb 29 2012 Cluster

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   4096 Feb 29 2012 ClusterStorage

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   6830 Feb 29 2012 EULA

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   7041 Feb 29 2012 eula.en_US

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   3334 Feb 29 2012 eula.py

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  18390 Feb 29 2012 GPL

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root   2048 Feb 29 2012 images

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   2048 Feb 29 2012 isolinux

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   3547 Feb 29 2012 README-en

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   7897 Feb 29 2012 README-en.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  35456 Feb 29 2012 RELEASE-NOTES-en

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38444 Feb 29 2012 RELEASE-NOTES-en.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1397 Feb 29 2012 RPM-GPG-KEY

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1397 Feb 29 2012 RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 593920 Feb 29  2012 Server

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    105Feb 29  2012 supportinfo

-r--r--r-- 1 root root   4436 Feb 29 2012 TRANS.TBL

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   8192 Feb 29 2012 VT

 

[root@lixora media]# pwd

/media

 

[root@lixora media]# vi/etc/yum.repos.d/oel-media.repo

[oel-media]

name= oel 5.8

baseurl=file:///media/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

 

"/etc/yum.repos.d/oel-media.repo"[New] 6L, 77C written

 

 

确认无误

[root@lixora media]# more/etc/yum.repos.d/oel-media.repo

[oel-media]

name= oel 5.8

baseurl=file:///media/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

 

 

开始安装 oracle-validated-rpm

[root@lixora media]# yum clean all

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

Cleaning up Everything

 

[root@lixora media]# yum installoracle-validated

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

This system is not registered with ULN.

ULN support will be disabled.

oel-media                                               | 1.1 kB    

00:00    

oel-media/primary                                        | 1.4MB    

00:00    

oel-media                                                            

3298/3298

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package oracle-validated.x86_640:1.1.0-15.el5 set to be updated

oel-media/filelists                                      | 3.1MB    

00:00    

--> Processing Dependency: sysstat forpackage: oracle-validated

--> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib/libaio.so for package: oracle-

validated

--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headersfor package: oracle-validated

--> Processing Dependency:elfutils-libelf-devel for package: oracle-

validated

--> Processing Dependency:unixODBC-devel for package: oracle-

validated

--> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib64/libodbccr.so for package:

oracle-validated

--> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ forpackage: oracle-validated

--> Processing Dependency: libaio-develfor package: oracle-validated

--> Processing Dependency: gcc forpackage: oracle-validated

--> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-

linux/4.1.1/libstdc++.a for package:oracle-validated

--> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib/libc.so for package: oracle-

validated

--> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib64/libaio.so for package: oracle-

validated

--> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib64/libc.so for package: oracle-

validated

--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbccr.sofor package: oracle-

validated

--> Processing Dependency: libXp.so.6for package: oracle-validated

--> Running transaction check

---> Packageelfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be

updated

--> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel-static-x86_64=

0.137-3.el5 for package:elfutils-libelf-devel

---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5set to be updated

---> Package gcc-c++.x86_640:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated

---> Package glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-81set to be updated

---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-81set to be updated

---> Package glibc-headers.x86_640:2.5-81 set to be updated

--> Processing Dependency:kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package:

glibc-headers

--> Processing Dependency:kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers

---> Package libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5set to be updated

---> Package libaio-devel.i3860:0.3.106-5 set to be updated

---> Package libaio-devel.x86_640:0.3.106-5 set to be updated

---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_640:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated

---> Package sysstat.x86_640:7.0.2-11.el5 set to be updated

---> Package unixODBC-devel.i3860:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated

---> Package unixODBC-devel.x86_640:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated

--> Running transaction check

---> Packageelfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to

be updated

---> Package kernel-headers.x86_640:2.6.18-308.el5 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

================================================================================

 Package                         Arch      Version           Repository    Size

======================================================================

==========

Installing:

 oracle-validated                x86_64    1.1.0-15.el5      oel-media  24 k

Installing for dependencies:

 elfutils-libelf-devel           x86_64    0.137-3.el5       oel-media 24 k

 elfutils-libelf-devel-static    x86_64   0.137-3.el5       oel-media 64 k

 gcc                             x86_64    4.1.2-52.el5      oel-media  5.3 M

 gcc-c++                         x86_64    4.1.2-52.el5      oel-media 3.8 M

 glibc-devel                     i386      2.5-81            oel-media 2.0 M

 glibc-devel                     x86_64    2.5-81            oel-media 2.4 M

 glibc-headers                   x86_64    2.5-81            oel-media 596 k

 kernel-headers                  x86_64    2.6.18-308.el5    oel-media 1.4 M

 libXp                           i386      1.0.0-8.1.el5     oel-media 22 k

 libaio-devel                    i386      0.3.106-5         oel-media 12 k

 libaio-devel                    x86_64   0.3.106-5         oel-media 11 k

 libstdc++-devel                 x86_64    4.1.2-52.el5      oel-media 2.8 M

 sysstat                         x86_64    7.0.2-11.el5      oel-media 187 k

 unixODBC-devel                  i386      2.2.11-10.el5     oel-media 38 k

 unixODBC-devel                  x86_64    2.2.11-10.el5     oel-media 793 k

 

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install     16 Package(s)

Upgrade       0 Package(s)

 

Total download size: 20 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                           433MB/s |  20 MB    

00:00    

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

 Installing     :libstdc++-devel                         1/16

 Installing     : sysstat                                              2/16

 Installing     : libaio-devel                                         3/16

 Installing     :unixODBC-devel                                      5/16

 Installing     :kernel-headers                                      6/16

 Installing     :glibc-headers                                        7/16

 Installing     : glibc-devel                                         8/16

 Installing     : glibc-devel                                          9/16

 Installing     : libaio-devel                                        10/16

 Installing     : libXp                                               11/16

 Installing     : gcc                                                12/16

 Installing     : gcc-c++                                              13/16

 Installing     :elfutils-libelf-devel                               14/16

 Installing     :oracle-validated                                    15/16

 Installing     :elfutils-libelf-devel-static                        16/16

 

Installed:

 oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-15.el5                               

Dependency Installed:

 elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5            elfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_640:0.137-3.el5            gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5                      

 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5                         glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-81                                    glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-81                    

 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-81                         kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.18-308.el5                       libXp.i3860:1.0.0-8.1.el5                     

 libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5                         libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5                              libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5          

 sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-11.el5                         unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5                          unixODBC-evel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5          

Complete!

 

到此oracle-validate-rpm 已全部安装完，已经为我们做好了一切装备。

[root@lixora media]# id oracle

uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall)groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)

[root@lixora media]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New UNIX password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionaryword

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.

[root@lixora media]#