原文:http://jbm3072.iteye.com/blog/1088102
在看hadoop的源代码的时候,看到hadoop实现了一个自定义的RPC,于是有了自己写代码实现RPC的想法。
RPC的全名Remote Process Call,即远程过程调用。使用RPC,可以像使用本地的程序一样使用远程服务器上的程序。下面是一个简单的RPC 调用实例,从中可以看到RPC如何使用以及好处:
- public class MainClient {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Echo echo = RPC.getProxy(Echo.class, "127.0.0.1", 20382);
- System.out.println(echo.echo("hello,hello"));
- }
- }
- public interface Echo {
- public String echo(String string);
- }
使用RPC.getProxy生成接口Echo的代理实现类。然后就可以像使用本地的程序一样来调用Echo中的echo方法。
使用RPC的好处是简化了远程服务访问。提高了开发效率。在分发代码时,只需要将接口分发给客户端使用,在客户端看来只有接口,没有具体类实现。这样保证了代码的可扩展性和安全性。
在看了RPCClient如何使用,我们再来定义一个RPC服务器的接口,看看服务器都提供什么操作:
- public interface Server {
- public void stop();
- public void start();
- public void register(Class interfaceDefiner,Class impl);
- public void call(Invocation invo);
- public boolean isRunning();
- public int getPort();
- }
服务器提供了start和stop方法。使用register注册一个接口和对应的实现类。call方法用于执行Invocation指定的接口的方法名。isRunning返回了服务器的状态,getPort()则返回了服务器使用的端口。
来看看Invocation的定义:
- public class Invocation implements Serializable{
- /**
- *
- */
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- private Class interfaces;
- private Method method;
- private Object[] params;
- private Object result;
- /**
- * @return the result
- */
- public Object getResult() {
- return result;
- }
- /**
- * @param result the result to set
- */
- public void setResult(Object result) {
- this.result = result;
- }
- /**
- * @return the interfaces
- */
- public Class getInterfaces() {
- return interfaces;
- }
- /**
- * @param interfaces the interfaces to set
- */
- public void setInterfaces(Class interfaces) {
- this.interfaces = interfaces;
- }
- /**
- * @return the method
- */
- public Method getMethod() {
- return method;
- }
- /**
- * @param method the method to set
- */
- public void setMethod(Method method) {
- this.method = method;
- }
- /**
- * @return the params
- */
- public Object[] getParams() {
- return params;
- }
- /**
- * @param params the params to set
- */
- public void setParams(Object[] params) {
- this.params = params;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return interfaces.getName()+"."+method.getMethodName()+"("+Arrays.toString(params)+")";
- }
- }
具体服务器实现类中的call方法是这样使用Invocation的:
- @Override
- public void call(Invocation invo) {
- Object obj = serviceEngine.get(invo.getInterfaces().getName()); //根据接口名,找到对应的处理类
- if(obj!=null) {
- try {
- Method m = obj.getClass().getMethod(invo.getMethod().getMethodName(), invo.getMethod().getParams());
- Object result = m.invoke(obj, invo.getParams());
- invo.setResult(result);
- } catch (Throwable th) {
- th.printStackTrace();
- }
- } else {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("has no these class");
- }
- }
下面来看服务器接收连接并处理连接请求的核心代码:
- public class Listener extends Thread {
- private ServerSocket socket;
- private Server server;
- public Listener(Server server) {
- this.server = server;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("启动服务器中,打开端口" + server.getPort());
- try {
- socket = new ServerSocket(server.getPort());
- } catch (IOException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- return;
- }
- while (server.isRunning()) {
- try {
- Socket client = socket.accept();
- ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(client.getInputStream());
- Invocation invo = (Invocation) ois.readObject();
- server.call(invo);
- ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
- oos.writeObject(invo);
- oos.flush();
- oos.close();
- ois.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- try {
- if (socket != null && !socket.isClosed())
- socket.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
RPC具体的Server类是这样来使用Listener的:
- public static class RPCServer implements Server{
- private int port = 20382;
- private Listener listener;
- private boolean isRuning = true;
- /**
- * @param isRuning the isRuning to set
- */
- public void setRuning(boolean isRuning) {
- this.isRuning = isRuning;
- }
- /**
- * @return the port
- */
- public int getPort() {
- return port;
- }
- /**
- * @param port the port to set
- */
- public void setPort(int port) {
- this.port = port;
- }
- private Map<String ,Object> serviceEngine = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- @Override
- public void call(Invocation invo) {
- System.out.println(invo.getClass().getName());
- Object obj = serviceEngine.get(invo.getInterfaces().getName());
- if(obj!=null) {
- try {
- Method m = obj.getClass().getMethod(invo.getMethod().getMethodName(), invo.getMethod().getParams());
- Object result = m.invoke(obj, invo.getParams());
- invo.setResult(result);
- } catch (Throwable th) {
- th.printStackTrace();
- }
- } else {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("has no these class");
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void register(Class interfaceDefiner, Class impl) {
- try {
- this.serviceEngine.put(interfaceDefiner.getName(), impl.newInstance());
- System.out.println(serviceEngine);
- } catch (Throwable e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void start() {
- System.out.println("启动服务器");
- listener = new Listener(this);
- this.isRuning = true;
- listener.start();
- }
- @Override
- public void stop() {
- this.setRuning(false);
- }
- @Override
- public boolean isRunning() {
- return isRuning;
- }
- }
服务器端代码搞定后,来看看客户端的代码,先看看我们刚开始使用RPC.getProxy方法:
- public static <T> T getProxy(final Class<T> clazz,String host,int port) {
- final Client client = new Client(host,port);
- InvocationHandler handler = new InvocationHandler() {
- @Override
- public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
- Invocation invo = new Invocation();
- invo.setInterfaces(clazz);
- invo.setMethod(new org.jy.rpc.protocal.Method(method.getName(),method.getParameterTypes()));
- invo.setParams(args);
- client.invoke(invo);
- return invo.getResult();
- }
- };
- T t = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(RPC.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {clazz}, handler);
- return t;
- }
Client类的代码如下:
- public class Client {
- private String host;
- private int port;
- private Socket socket;
- private ObjectOutputStream oos;
- private ObjectInputStream ois;
- public String getHost() {
- return host;
- }
- public void setHost(String host) {
- this.host = host;
- }
- public int getPort() {
- return port;
- }
- public void setPort(int port) {
- this.port = port;
- }
- public Client(String host, int port) {
- this.host = host;
- this.port = port;
- }
- public void init() throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
- socket = new Socket(host, port);
- oos = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- }
- public void invoke(Invocation invo) throws UnknownHostException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
- init();
- System.out.println("写入数据");
- oos.writeObject(invo);
- oos.flush();
- ois = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- Invocation result = (Invocation) ois.readObject();
- invo.setResult(result.getResult());
- }
- }
至此,RPC的客户端和服务器端代码完成,启动服务器的代码如下:
- public class Main {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Server server = new RPC.RPCServer();
- server.register(Echo.class, RemoteEcho.class);
- server.start();
- }
- }
现在先运行服务器端代码,再运行客户端代码,就可以成功运行。
详细的代码,参考附件的源代码。
在写这个RPC时,没有想太多。在数据串行化上,使用了java的标准io序列化机制,虽然不能跨平台,但是做DEMO还是不错的;另外在处理客户端请求上,使用了ServerSocket,而没有使用ServerSocketChannel这个java nio中的新特性;在动态生成接口的实现类上,使用了java.lang.reflet中的Proxy类。他可以动态创建接口的实现类。