代码随想录计划
Day 04
两两交换链表中的节点
主要还是要想好交换的过程,考虑清楚交换过程就会清楚需要几个引用变量,剩下的就是边界的判断。
/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* public class ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode next;
* ListNode() {}
* ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
* ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
* }
*/
class Solution {
public ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head) {
if(head == null) return head;
ListNode newHead = new ListNode(-1,head);
ListNode left = head;
ListNode right = head.next;
ListNode pre = newHead;
while(left != null && right != null){
left.next = right.next;
right.next = pre.next;
pre.next = right;
if(left.next != null){
right = left.next.next;
}
pre = left;
left = left.next;
}
return newHead.next;
}
}
示例代码:
递归版还是有点难想
// 递归版本
class Solution {
public ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head) {
// base case 退出提交
if(head == null || head.next == null) return head;
// 获取当前节点的下一个节点
ListNode next = head.next;
// 进行递归
ListNode newNode = swapPairs(next.next);
// 这里进行交换
next.next = head;
head.next = newNode;
return next;
}
}
class Solution {
public ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head) {
ListNode dumyhead = new ListNode(-1); // 设置一个虚拟头结点
dumyhead.next = head; // 将虚拟头结点指向head,这样方便后面做删除操作
ListNode cur = dumyhead;
ListNode temp; // 临时节点,保存两个节点后面的节点
ListNode firstnode; // 临时节点,保存两个节点之中的第一个节点
ListNode secondnode; // 临时节点,保存两个节点之中的第二个节点
while (cur.next != null && cur.next.next != null) {
temp = cur.next.next.next;
firstnode = cur.next;
secondnode = cur.next.next;
cur.next = secondnode; // 步骤一
secondnode.next = firstnode; // 步骤二
firstnode.next = temp; // 步骤三
cur = firstnode; // cur移动,准备下一轮交换
}
return dumyhead.next;
}
}
删除链表的倒数第N个结点
快慢指针的思想,不难考虑。
自己代码:
/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* public class ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode next;
* ListNode() {}
* ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
* ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
* }
*/
class Solution {
public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) {
ListNode newHead = new ListNode(-1,head);
ListNode slow = newHead;
ListNode fast = newHead;
while( fast.next != null){
fast = fast.next;
n--;
if(n<0){
slow = slow.next;
}
}
slow.next = slow.next.next;
return newHead.next;
}
}
示例代码:
public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n){
ListNode dummyNode = new ListNode(0);
dummyNode.next = head;
ListNode fastIndex = dummyNode;
ListNode slowIndex = dummyNode;
// 只要快慢指针相差 n 个结点即可
for (int i = 0; i <= n ; i++){
fastIndex = fastIndex.next;
}
while (fastIndex != null){
fastIndex = fastIndex.next;
slowIndex = slowIndex.next;
}
//此时 slowIndex 的位置就是待删除元素的前一个位置。
//具体情况可自己画一个链表长度为 3 的图来模拟代码来理解
slowIndex.next = slowIndex.next.next;
return dummyNode.next;
}
链表相交
解法1: 计算两个链表的长度,取差值,让长的链表先走差值步数。随后再挨个判断。
public class Solution {
public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
int aSize = 0,bSize = 0;
ListNode aTemp = headA;
ListNode bTemp = headB;
while(aTemp != null){
aTemp = aTemp.next;
aSize++;
}
while(bTemp != null){
bTemp = bTemp.next;
bSize++;
}
if(aSize >bSize){
int n = aSize -bSize;
while(n>0){
headA = headA.next;
n--;
}
}else{
int n = bSize - aSize;
while(n>0){
headB = headB.next;
n--;
}
}
while(headA != null){
if(headA == headB) return headA;
headA = headA.next;
headB = headB.next;
}
return null;
}
}
解法2:双指针
两个指针pointA,pointB一直向后遍历,如果pointA为空则让pointA指向headB;如果pointB为空则让pointB指向headA;
这样当两个指针都走完的时候,较长的链表指针会指向较短链表的头,而较短的链表指针则会指向较长链表的第n个位置,n为两个链表长度的差值。
剩下的就是边界的判断。
public class Solution {
public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
if(headA == null || headB ==null) return null;
ListNode pointA = headA;
ListNode pointB = headB;
while(pointA !=pointB){
pointA = pointA == null?headB:pointA.next;
pointB = pointB == null?headA:pointB.next;
}
return pointA;
}
}
环形链表
自己代码: 思路用一个哈希表来记录每个链表节点的地址,如果有重复的,则第一个重复的就是环入口节点。
public class Solution {
public ListNode detectCycle(ListNode head) {
Map<Integer,Integer> hash =new HashMap<>();
while(head != null){
if( hash.get(head.val) == null){
hash.put(head.val,1);
}else{
return head;
}
head = head.next;
}
return head;
}
}
官方题解:
快慢指针 + 数学题解
public class Solution {
public ListNode detectCycle(ListNode head) {
ListNode slow = head;
ListNode fast = head;
while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
slow = slow.next;
fast = fast.next.next;
if (slow == fast) {// 有环
ListNode index1 = fast;
ListNode index2 = head;
// 两个指针,从头结点和相遇结点,各走一步,直到相遇,相遇点即为环入口
while (index1 != index2) {
index1 = index1.next;
index2 = index2.next;
}
return index1;
}
}
return null;
}
}
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