Spring MVC

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-24 19:35:20 发布

华神jacky

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-24 19:35:20 发布

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分类专栏： spring mvc 文章标签： springmvc

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/zhenshibendan/article/details/50441490

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项目一直用着struts2，感觉用着也挺习惯，(除了低版本的struts有个漏洞，很容易给人攻击，不过高版本已经修复了)，后来其他项目慢慢开始用spring mvc，也就看了一下spring mvc和struts2的区别。个人最大的感觉就是，跟spring的集成非常方便（因为都是spring的嘛，所以集成比struts方便多了）。同时感觉在设计上面，spring mvc 比struts2更加精细一些，基于reset风格的url，包括方法的调用和参数的传递都很不同。再有就是spring mvc支持的注解太强大了，完全可以基于注解进行驱动开发。

Spring mvc的基本逻辑不多讲，网上有非常多的文章，直接从配置讲起。

基于maven的pom.xml进行包的引入

<!-- spring begin -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<!--spring end -->

		<!-- spring mvc -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		
		<!-- logging begin -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>1.6.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>1.6.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.16</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- logging end -->

		<dependency>
		  <groupId>junit</groupId>
		  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
		  <version>4.9</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
     
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jstl</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
        <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>3.1.0</version>
		</dependency> 
		<!-- common io 包支持 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
			<version>1.3.2</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
	<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
	<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
	<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>

web.xml配置

　　整理配置很想ＳＴＲＵＴＳ２的配置　，主要是对ｕｒｌ的进行拦截就是了。其中ｓｐｒｉｎｇ－ｍｖｃ．ｘｍｌ　是关于ｓｐｒｉｎｇ　ＭＶＣ的具体配置

<!-- spring mvc 拦截 -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<!-- 默认获取web-inf下面的springServlet-mvc.xml ，可以自定义配置 -->
			<param-value>classpath*:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

	<session-config>
		<session-timeout>20</session-timeout>
	</session-config>

ｓｐｒｉｎｇ－ｍｖｃ．ｘｍｌ

本文主要是基于reset风格的spring进行开发，用的注解驱动。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

	<!-- 自动扫描且只扫描@Controller -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.example.mvc" use-default-filters="false">
		<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
		<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
	</context:component-scan>
	
	<!-- 添加注解驱动 -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven>
		<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
			<!-- 将StringHttpMessageConverter的默认编码设为UTF-8 -->
			<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
		    	<constructor-arg value="UTF-8" />
			</bean>
			<!-- 将Jackson2HttpMessageConverter的默认格式化输出设为true -->
			<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="prettyPrint" value="true"/>
            </bean>			
  		</mvc:message-converters>
	</mvc:annotation-driven>
	
	<!-- 定义JSP文件的位置 --> 
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<!-- 访问前缀 -->
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
		<!-- 访问后缀 -->
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 对CSS ,图片等静态资源，不受spring-mvc可控制的资源，定义默认的handler，不然会报500错误 -->	
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
	<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean> </beans>

基于注解的control类HelloControl，该类其实就是起到一个控制器的作用，类似于struts2的 action。

类里面写了基本上各种情况的跳转，参数获取和提供给ajax调用的时候，如何来写。

package com.example.mvc;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.example.hessian.Hello;
import com.example.mvc.pojo.User;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="hello")
public class HelloControl {

	/**
	 * 最简单的spring mvc 跳转
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvcSimple")
	public String testParam(){
		return "hello";//跳转到hello这个视图
	}
	
	/* 以下为接受前端各种参数讲解 */
	/**
	 * spring mvc  跳转，带返回值到页面
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvc")
	public ModelAndView test(){
		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
		//传递数据
		mv.addObject("userName", "jacky");
		mv.addObject("age", "25");
		//设置跳转过去的view 
		mv.setViewName("hello");
		return mv;
	}
	
	/**
	 * spring mvc  跳转，带参数
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvcWithParam")
	public ModelAndView test(String userName ,String age ){
		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
		//传递数据
		mv.addObject(userName, age);
		mv.addObject("age", "25");
		//设置跳转过去的view 
		mv.setViewName("hello");
		return mv;
	}
	
	/**
	 * spring mvc  跳转，pojo 参数
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvcWithPojoParam")
	public ModelAndView test(User user ){
		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
		//传递数据
		mv.addObject("user", user);
		//设置跳转过去的view 
		mv.setViewName("hello");
		return mv;
	}
	

	/**
	 * spring mvc  跳转， 文件参数，实现单个文件上传
	 * @return
	 */
	
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvcUploadFile")
	public String test(@RequestParam("pic") CommonsMultipartFile file ,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){
		File saveFile=new File("d://springmvc/upload/"+file.getFileItem().getName());
		try {
			FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(saveFile, file.getBytes());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return "hello";
	}
	
	/**
	 * spring mvc  跳转， 文件参数，实现多个文件上传
	 * @return
	 */
	
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvcUploadMultiFile")
	public String test(@RequestParam MultipartFile[] pics ,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){
		File saveFile=new File("d://springmvc/upload/"+pics[0].getOriginalFilename());
		try {
			FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(saveFile, pics[0].getBytes());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return "hello";
	}
	
	/* ajax 上传单个或者多个文件，一般是前台使用ajaxFileUpload 插件配合，后台基本不需要改动 */
	
	
	/*-------------华丽丽的分割线--------------------*/
	/* 以下当前端为ajax调用，而不是跳转的情况，如何返回json类型的值 *
	 *  主要是 用到@ResponseBody 注解 ,把返回的结果按照spring-mvc.xml的配置，转换成json。
	 *  同 method = RequestMethod.GET  ，用来限定是get 还是post等请求
	 * /

	/**
	 * 最简单的，直接返回一个json格式的字符串
	 * @return
	 */
	@ResponseBody
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvcReturnStr",method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public Map<String,String> testReturnStr(){
		Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<String,String>();
		map.put("user", "jacky");
		return map;
	}
	
	@ResponseBody
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvcReturnObj",method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public Hello testReturnObj(){
		Hello hl=new Hello();
		hl.setAge("21");
		return hl;
	}
	
	@ResponseBody
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvcReturnObjByObj",method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public Hello testReturnObjByObj( Hello hl){
		return hl;
	}
	
	@ResponseBody
	@RequestMapping(value="testMvcReturnObjByObjs")
	public List<Hello> testReturnObjByObjs(@RequestBody  List<Hello> hls){
		return hls;
	}
	
	
}

控制器中，用到的pojo对象 Hello

package com.example.mvc.pojo;

public class User {
	private String userName;
	private String age;
	
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}
	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}
	public String getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(String age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

index.jsp 由于比较简单。所以写的比较随意。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%	
	String basePath = request.getContextPath();
%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE9" /> 
<title></title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="resources/js/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript">
function upload(){
	document.uploadForm.submit();
}

function testMvcReturn(){
	$.ajax({
		  url: "hello/testMvcReturnStr.do",
		  dataType: 'json',
		  success: function(result){
			  alert(result.user);
		  }
		});
	}
	
function testMvcReturnObjByObj(){
	var hello={name:"jacky",age:"25"};
	var array=[];
	array.push(hello);
	$.ajax({
		  url: "hello/testMvcReturnObjByObjs.do",
          type:"post", 
		  dataType: 'json',
          contentType:"application/json",               
		  data:JSON.stringify(array),
		  success: function(result){
			  alert(result.userName+","+result.age);
		  }
		});
	}

</script>
</head>
<body>
<a href="hello/testMvcSimple"> simple spring mvc </a>
<a href="hello/testMvc.do"> hello spring </a>
<a href="hello/testMvcWithParam?userName=jacky&age=25"> visi with param</a>
<p>上传单个文件</p>
<form action="hello/testMvcUploadMultiFile.do" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" name="uploadForm">
  <input type="file" name="pics" />
  <input type="button" value="上传" οnclick="upload();"/>
</form>
<p> <input type="button"  οnclick="testMvcReturnObjByObj();" value="ajax simple " /> </p>
</body>

</html>

通过index.jsp 访问helloControl ，再回到hello.jsp

hello.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
    <%@ taglib prefix="c"  uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>

</head>
<body>
<p>hello spring mvc </p>

<p>普通参数展示</p>
<p>${userName },${age}</p>

<p>对象参数展示：</p>
<p>${user.userName },${user.age }</p>


</body>
</html>