哈夫曼编码C++实现

哈夫曼编码、译码算法的c++实现，将功能模块封装成类Huffman

 

下载地址：http://download.youkuaiyun.com/source/1409937

 

文件main.cpp

//main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "Huffman.h" using namespace std; int main() { Huffman huffman; huffman.ReadTextFromFile("text.txt"); /****************第一步输入字符和对应权值******************/ cout << "请选择： 1.程序自动统计字符和权值（推荐） 2.用户输入" << endl; int r; do { cin >> r; } while((r != 1) && (r != 2)); if (r == 1) huffman.CountCharsWeight(); else huffman.InputCharsWeight(); cout << "字符及对应权值：" << endl; huffman.PrintCharWeight(); system("pause"); cout << endl; /****************第二步建哈弗曼树，输出字符与编码的对应关系******************/ huffman.MakeCharMap(); cout << "字符及对应编码：" << endl; huffman.PrintCharCode(); system("pause"); cout << endl; /****************第三步对字符进行编码，将结果输出并存入文件******************/ cout << "对原文进行编码：" << endl; cout << "原文：" << endl; huffman.PrintText(); huffman.Encode(); cout << "编码：" << endl; huffman.PrintCode(); huffman.SaveCodeToFile("code.txt"); system("pause"); cout << endl; /****************第四步从文件读入0、1代码串解码后输出并存入文件******************/ cout << "对编码进行解码：" << endl; huffman.ReadCodeFromFile("code.txt"); cout << "编码：" << endl; huffman.PrintCode(); huffman.Decode(); cout << "原文：" << endl; huffman.PrintText(); huffman.SaveTextToFile("resulttext.txt"); cout << "/nGame Over ^_^." << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }

 

 

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文件Huffman.h

// Huffman.h: interface for the Huffman class. // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #if !defined(AFX_HUFFMAN_H__08A1863A_6641_4FE9_9596_5EEBE76B53F7__INCLUDED_) #define AFX_HUFFMAN_H__08A1863A_6641_4FE9_9596_5EEBE76B53F7__INCLUDED_ #if _MSC_VER > 1000 #pragma once #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000 #include <string> /***********************数据结构***********************/ //哈弗曼树节点 typedef struct { unsigned int weight; unsigned int parent; unsigned int lchild; unsigned int rchild; }HuffTreeNode,*HuffTree; //字符-权值-编码映射 typedef struct { char c; unsigned int weight; char *code; }CharMapNode,*CharMap; /*************************类定义****************************/ class Huffman { private: void select(int n, int &s1, int &s2); HuffTree huffTree; //哈弗曼树 CharMap chars; //字符表 int n; //字符数 std::string text; //原文 std::string code; //编码 public: void InputCharsWeight(); void CountCharsWeight(); void Decode(); void ReadTextFromFile(char *filename); void ReadCodeFromFile(char *filename); void SaveTextToFile(char *filename); void SaveCodeToFile(char *filename); void PrintCode(); void MakeCharMap(); void PrintText(); void PrintCharCode(); void PrintCharWeight(); void SetCharMap(CharMap m, int number); void Encode(); Huffman(); virtual ~Huffman(); }; #endif // !defined(AFX_HUFFMAN_H__08A1863A_6641_4FE9_9596_5EEBE76B53F7__INCLUDED_)

 

 

 

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文件Huffman.cpp

// Huffman.cpp: implementation of the Huffman class. // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include "Huffman.h" #include <iostream> #include <fstream> using namespace std; ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Construction/Destruction ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Huffman::Huffman() { huffTree = NULL; chars = NULL; n = 0; } Huffman::~Huffman() { } //对Text串进行哈弗曼编码 void Huffman::Encode() { code = ""; for (string::size_type i = 0; i != text.size(); ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) if (chars[j].c == text[i]) code += chars[j].code; } } //设置字符表 void Huffman::SetCharMap(CharMap m, int number) { chars = m; n = number; } //在huffTree[1..n]中选择parent为0且weight最小的两个节点，其序号为s1，s2 void Huffman::select(int n, int &s1, int &s2) { s1 = s2 = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { if (huffTree[i].parent != 0) continue; if (s1 == 0) s1 = i; else if (s2 == 0) { //此处采用的策略，使得整个过程中s1的权值小于s2的权值 if (huffTree[i].weight < huffTree[s1].weight) { s2 = s1; s1 = i; } else s2 = i; } else { if (huffTree[i].weight < huffTree[s1].weight) { s2 = s1; s1 = i; } else if (huffTree[i].weight < huffTree[s2].weight) s2 = i; } } } void Huffman::PrintCharWeight() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { switch (chars[i].c) { case '/t': cout << "//t"; break; case '/n': cout << "//n"; break; default: cout << chars[i].c; break; } cout << "——" << chars[i].weight << endl; } } void Huffman::PrintCharCode() { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { switch (chars[i].c) { case '/t': cout << "//t"; break; case '/n': cout << "//n"; break; default: cout << chars[i].c; break; } cout << "——" << chars[i].code << endl; } } //输出文本串 void Huffman::PrintText() { cout << text << endl; } //输出0-1编码 void Huffman::PrintCode() { cout << code << endl; } //根据各字符的权值建立字符-编码表 void Huffman::MakeCharMap() { if (n <= 1) return; int m = 2 * n - 1; //哈弗曼树所需节点数 huffTree = new HuffTreeNode[m+1]; //0号单元未使用 //初始化 int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { huffTree[i].weight = chars[i].weight; huffTree[i].parent = 0; huffTree[i].lchild = 0; huffTree[i].rchild = 0; } for (i = n + 1; i <= m; ++i) { huffTree[i].weight = 0; huffTree[i].parent = 0; huffTree[i].lchild = 0; huffTree[i].rchild = 0; } //建哈弗曼树 for (i = n + 1; i <= m; ++i) { int s1,s2; select(i - 1, s1, s2); huffTree[s1].parent = huffTree[s2].parent = i; huffTree[i].lchild = s1; huffTree[i].rchild = s2; huffTree[i].weight = huffTree[s1].weight + huffTree[s2].weight; } //从叶子到根节点逆向求每个字符的哈弗曼编码 char *cd = new char[n]; //分配求编码的工作空间（每个字符编码结果最长n-1再加上'/0'） cd[n-1] = '/0'; //编码结束符 for(i = 1; i <= n; ++i) //逐个字符求哈弗曼编码 { int start = n - 1; int c,f; //从叶子到根逆向求编码 for (c = i, f = huffTree[i].parent; f != 0; c = f, f = huffTree[f].parent) { if (huffTree[f].lchild == c) //左孩子编码为0 cd[--start] = '0'; else //右孩子编码为1 cd[--start] = '1'; } chars[i].code = new char[n - start]; //为第i个字符编码分配空间 strcpy(chars[i].code,&cd[start]); } delete [] cd; } //从文件读入原文 void Huffman::ReadTextFromFile(char *filename) { ifstream infile(filename); if(!infile) { cerr << "无法打开文件！" <<endl; return; } char c; while(infile.get(c)) { text += c; } } //将编码存入文件 void Huffman::SaveCodeToFile(char *filename) { ofstream outfile(filename); if (!outfile) { cerr << "保存文件出错！" << endl; return; } outfile << code; } //从文件读入编码 void Huffman::ReadCodeFromFile(char *filename) { ifstream infile(filename); if (!infile) { cerr << "无法打开文件！" <<endl; return; } infile >> code; } //将0-1编码串解码 void Huffman::Decode() { text = ""; string::size_type i,count; for (i = 0; i < code.size(); i += count) { //每个字符的编码结果最长n-1，从1至n-1依次尝试 for (count = 1; count < n; ++count) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) if (code.substr(i, count) == chars[j].code) { text += chars[j].c; goto next; } } next: ; } } //统计原文中各字符的权值 void Huffman::CountCharsWeight() { if (text.empty()) return; if (chars != NULL) delete [] chars; int i = 0; n = 0; chars = new CharMapNode[2]; chars[1].c = text[i]; chars[1].weight = 1; ++n; for (i = 1; i != text.size(); ++i) { int j; for (j = 1; j <= n; ++j) //遍历当前字符表，如果已存在该字符，权值+1 { if (text[i] == chars[j].c) { ++chars[j].weight; break; } } if (j > n) //该字符不存在，添加该字符 { ++n; CharMap newchars = new CharMapNode[n + 1]; memcpy(newchars, chars, n * sizeof(CharMapNode)); delete [] chars; chars = newchars; chars[n].c = text[i]; chars[n].weight = 1; } } } //输入字符和对应权值 void Huffman::InputCharsWeight() { cout << "请输入字符集大小n（n>1）:" << endl; cin >> n; if (chars != NULL) delete [] chars; chars = new CharMapNode[n+1]; //0号单元未使用 cout << "请输入字符和权值：" << endl; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { cin.ignore(); //清除输入缓冲区 cin.get(chars[i].c); //输入单个字符，可以是空白符 cin >> chars[i].weight; } } void Huffman::SaveTextToFile(char *filename) { ofstream outfile(filename); if (!outfile) { cerr << "保存文件出错！" << endl; return; } outfile << text; }