给你的rman备份集加上密码锁

数据的安全越来越重要,不是说你的生产库安全，你的数据就一定安全了，rman备份也是泄露数据的一个重要地方,如果别人拿到了你的备份集,一样等同入侵了你的生产库。为了rman备份的安全，最简单方式就是使用set encryption方式在rman备份过程中设置密码,需要版本为10.2及其以后企业版版,另外如果需要备份到带库只能使用oracle自己的osb(Oracle Secure Backup),注意rman只有backupset可以加密,copy无法进行加密
数据库版本

SQL> select * from v$version;   BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production CORE    11.2.0.4.0      Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production   SQL> show parameter compatible   NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ compatible                           string      11.2.0.4.0

支持rman加密算法

SQL> select ALGORITHM_NAME   2  from V$RMAN_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHMS;   ALGORITHM_NAME ---------------------------------------------------------------- AES128 AES192 AES256

调整加密算法

RMAN> show  ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM;   RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are: CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default   RMAN> CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';   new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256'; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored   RMAN> show ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM;   using target database control file instead of recovery catalog RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are: CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';

创建新测试数据文件
我们这里测试的是对新创建的5号文件进行加密备份和还原

SQL> select name from v$datafile;   NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf   SQL> create tablespace rman_xifenfei datafile   2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf' size 100M;   Tablespace created.   SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;        FILE# NAME ---------- --------------------------------------------------          1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf          2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf          3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf          4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf          5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf   SQL> create table chf.t_xifenfei tablespace rman_xifenfei   2  as select * from dba_objects;   Table created.   SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;     COUNT(*) ----------      86721

rman加密备份

RMAN> set encryption on identified by 'www.xifenfei.com' only;   executing command: SET encryption   RMAN> backup datafile 5;   Starting backup at 28-JAN-15 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=5 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 28-JAN-15 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 28-JAN-15 piece handle=/u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp tag=TAG20150128T230115 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 28-JAN-15

准备恢复测试

RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 5 offline';   sql statement: alter database datafile 5 offline   [oracle@localhost ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf ls: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf: No such file or directory

rman恢复测试

[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /   Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jan 28 23:02:24 2015   Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.   connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1378620768)   RMAN> list backup of datafile 5;   using target database control file instead of recovery catalog   List of Backup Sets ===================     BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 1       Full    10.94M     DISK        00:00:01     28-JAN-15              BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20150128T230115         Piece Name: /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp   List of Datafiles in backup set 1   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----   5       Full 54057180   28-JAN-15 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf   --未输入密码 RMAN> restore datafile 5;   Starting restore at 28-JAN-15 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=492 device type=DISK   channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 01/28/2015 23:02:52 ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp ORA-19913: unable to decrypt backup ORA-28365: wallet is not open   --设置错误密码 RMAN> SET DECRYPTION IDENTIFIED BY 'www.orasos.com';   executing command: SET decryption   RMAN> restore datafile 5;   Starting restore at 28-JAN-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1   channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 01/28/2015 23:03:31 ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp ORA-19913: unable to decrypt backup ORA-28365: wallet is not open   --设置正确密码 RMAN> SET DECRYPTION IDENTIFIED BY 'www.xifenfei.com';   executing command: SET decryption   RMAN> restore datafile 5;   Starting restore at 28-JAN-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1   channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp tag=TAG20150128T230115 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 28-JAN-15

验证数据还原

RMAN> recover datafile 5;   Starting recover at 28-JAN-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=7 device type=DISK   starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00   Finished recover at 28-JAN-15   RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 5 online';   sql statement: alter database datafile 5 online   RMAN> exit   Recovery Manager complete. [oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba   SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 28 23:05:55 2015   Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.     Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options   SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;     COUNT(*) ----------      86721

至此我们可以看到,最简单的rman加密备份和加密恢复测试完成,在使用set encryption加密后,如果不输入或者错误的输入密码无法使用备份集,从而确保了备份集的安全.