目录
9、CATALOG命令 用于追加备份记录到RMAN资料库中。
14. 还原预演: restore database preview;
15. 验证备份: backup validate database;
1、连接到目标数据库(不用恢复目录数据库)：
Rman nocatalog target sys/change_on_isntall@testdb
Rman catalog rman_user/rman_user@ora9rc target sys/change_on_install@testdb
2、SHOW命令：
显示rman配置： RMAN> show all;
3、REPORT命令：
1、RMAN> report schema 报告目标数据库的物理结构;
2、RMAN>report need backup days=3; 报告最近3天没有被备份的数据文件；
3、RMAN> report need backup days 3 tablespace users; 在USERS表空间上3天未备份的数据文件;
4、RMAN> report need backup incremental 3; 报告恢复数据文件需要的增量备份个数超过3次的数据文件;
5、RMAN> report need backup redundancy 2 database; 报告备份文件低于2份的所有数据文件;
RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;
6、RMAN> report need backup recovery window of 6 days; 报告文件报表的恢复需要超过6天的归档日志的数据文件;
7、RMAN> report unrecoverable; 报告数据库所有不可恢复的数据文件;
8、RMAN> report obsolete redunndancy 2; 报告备份次数超过2次的陈旧备份;
9、RMAN>report obsolete; 报告丢弃的备份；
4、LIST命令：列出备份信息
1、列出数据文件备份集
RMAN> list backup; 列出详细备份；
RMAN> list expired backup; 列出过期备份;
RMAN> list backup of database; 列出所有数据文件的备份集；
RMAN> list backup of tablespace user01; 列出特定表空间的所有数据文件备份集；
2、RMAN> list backup of controlfile 列出控制文件备份集;
3、RMAN> list backup of archivelog all 列出归档日志备份集详细信息;
RMAN>list archivelog all; 列出归档日志备份集简要信息
4、RMAN> list backup of spfile 列出SPFILE备份集;
5、RMAN> list copy of datafile 5 列出数据文件映像副本;
6、RMAN> list copy of controlfile 列出控制文件映像副本;
7、RMAN> list copy of archivelog all 列出归档日志映像副本;
8、RMAN> list incarnation of database 列出对应物/列出数据库副本;
9、RMAN>list backup summary; 概述可用的备份；
B表示backup
F表示FULL
A表示archive log
0 1表示incremental backup
S说明备份状态（A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED )
10、RMAN>list backup by file 按备份类型列出备份；
按照数据文件备份，归档日志备份，控制文件备份，服务器参数文件备份 列出
5、CROSSCHECK命令：校验备份信息
1、RMAN> crosscheck backup； 核对所有备份集;
2、RMAN> crosscheck backup of database； 核对所有数据文件的备份集;
3、RMAN> crosscheck backup of tablespace users； 核对特定表空间的备份集;
4、RMAN> crosscheck backup of datafile '+DG_DATA/tvvassdkdb01.dbf'; 核对特定数据文件的备份集;
5、RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile 核对控制文件的备份集;
6、RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile 核对SPFILE的备份集;
7、RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 3 核对归档日志的备份集;
8、RMAN> crosscheck copy 核对所有映像副本;
9、RMAN> crosscheck copy of database 核对所有数据文件的映像副本;
10、RMAN> crosscheck copy of tablespace users 核对特定表空间的映像副本;
11、RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 6 核对特定数据文件的映像副本;
12、RMAN> crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 4 核对归档日志的映像副本;
13、RMAN> crosscheck copy of controlfile 核对控制文件的映像副本;
14、RMAN> crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
15、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
16、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
17、RMAN> crosscheck backup device type sBT;
18、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;
19、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
20、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
21、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;
6、DELETE：删除备份
1、RMAN> delete obsolete; 删除陈旧备份；
2、RMAN> delete expired backup; 删除EXPIRED备份
3、RMAN> delete expired copy; 删除EXPIRED副本；
4、RMAN> delete backupset 19; 删除特定备份集
5、RMAN> delete backuppiece ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定备份片;
6、RMAN> delete backup 删除所有备份集;
7、RMAN> delete datafilecopy ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定映像副本;
8、RMAN> delete copy 删除所有映像副本;
9、RMAN> delete archivelog all delete input;
RMAN> delete backupset 22 format = ''d:\backup\%u.bak'' delete input 在备份后删除输入对象;
10、RMAN> delete backupset id;
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RMAN> delete archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-3'; --->删除系统时间3天以前的归档日志，不会删除闪回区有效的归档日志
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RMAN> delete obsolete recovery window of 7 days; 删除超过7天的过期备份
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RMAN> delete obsolete redundancy 2; 删除超过2份的备份
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RMAN> delete backup of archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-3'; 删除归档的备份
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RMAN> delete backup completed before 'sysdate-7'; 删除七天前的所有备份集
7、CHANGE命令：改变备份集的状态
1、RMAN> change backupset 22 unavailable 改变备份集状态;
2、RMAN> change datafilecopy ''d:\backup\demo_37.bak'' unavailable 改变映像副本状态;
3、RMAN> change backupset 156 keep forever logs 使备份集156永久保留;
4、RMAN> change backupset 198 keep until ''sysdate+60'' logs 使备份集198保留60天;
5、RMAN> change backupset 156 nokeep 免除备份集156的保留期限;
6、change backupset 117,118 delete;
7、change backuppiece 1304 delete;
8、change archivelog until logseq =544 delete;
8、CONFIGURE命令
1显示当前的配置信息
1.01 RMAN> show all;
1.02查询RMAN设置中非默认值: SQL> select name,value from v$rman_configuration;
2.常用的configure选项
2.01保存策略(retention policy)
configure retention policy to recovery window of 3 days;
configure retention policy to redundancy 3;
configure retention policy clear;
2.02备份优化backup optimization
configure backup optimization on; 打开后，会自动检查哪些归档已经备份过，备份过的就不会备份了
configure backup optimization off;默认关闭，自动备份所有归档文件。
configure backup optimization clear;
2.03默认设备default device type
configure default device type to disk;
configure default device type to stb;
configure default device type clear;
2.04控制文件controlfile
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/cfs01/backup/conf/conf_%F';
configure controlfile autobackup clear;
configrue controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear;
configrue snapshot controlfile name to '/cfs01/backup/snapcf/scontrofile.snp';
configrue snapshot controlfile name clear;
2.05并行数(通道数) device type disk|stb parallelism n;
configure device type disk|stb parallelism 2;--将disk通道数提升到2;
configure device type disk|stb clear;
configure channel device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';（设置默认备份保存路径）
configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
configure channel device type disk rate 1200K
configure channel 1 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel 1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
2.06生成备份副本datafile|archivelog backup copies
configure datafile backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;
configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;
configure datafile|archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb clear
backup device type disk database
format '/disk1/backup/%U', '/disk2/backup/%U', '/disk3/backup/%U';
2.07排除选项exclude
configure exclude for tablespace 'users';
configrue exclude clear;
2.08备份集大小maxsetsize
configure maxsetsize to 1G|1000M|1000000K|unlimited;
configure maxsetsize clear;
2.09其它选项auxiliary
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_1.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_2.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_3.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_4.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 CLEAR;
9、CATALOG命令 用于追加备份记录到RMAN资料库中。
1、RMAN> catalog datafilecopy ''d:\backup\user01.bak'';
RMAN>catalog controlfile ''d:\backup\demo.ctl'';
RMAN> catalog archivelog ''d:\backup\demo_25.bak''; 注册副本；
2、RMAN> catalog backuppiece ''d:\backup\demo_40.dbf'' 注册备份片;
3、RMAN> catalog start with ''d:\bak'' 注册特定目录的所有备份文件;
4、RMAN> change datafilecopy ''d:\bak\user01.bak'' uncatalog;
RMAN> change controlfilecopy ''d:\bak\demo.ctl'' uncatalog;
RMAN> change backuppiece ''d:\bak\demo_25.bak'' uncatalog; 注销备份记录
10、FORMAT字符串替代变量：
使用FORMAT参数时可使用的各种替换变量，如下：
%d：数据库名称；
%D：位于该月中的天数(DD)；
%M：位于该年中的月份(MM)；
%F：一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII为该数据库的DBID，
YYYYMMDD为日期，QQ是一个1-256的序列；
%n：数据库名称，并且会在右侧用x字符进行填充，使其保持长度为8；
%u：是一个由备份集编号和建立时间压缩后组成的8字符名称。利用%u可以为每个备份集生成一个唯一的名称；
%p：表示备份集中备份片段的编号，从1开始编号；
%c：备份片的拷贝数(从1开始编号)；
%U：是%u_%p_%c的简写形式，利用它可以为每一个备份片段（即磁盘文件）生成一个唯一名称,这是最常用的命名方式；
%s：备份集的号；
%t：备份集时间戳；
%T：年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)；s
注：如果在BACKUP命令中没有指定FORMAT选项，则RMAN默认使用%U为备份片段命名。
11、validate命令
1、validate命令验证备份集片是否能够被还原;
2、list backup summary;得到了备份集得主键ID如40，然后validate backupset 40;
12、恢复目录的记录删除
1. $Oracle_HOME/rdbms/admin/prgrmanc.sql脚本定期删除恢复目录中具有DELETED状态的记录
2.要删除旧的对应物记录incarnation.必须从DBINC表中删除这些对应物，
使用RC_DATABASE_INCARNATION视图来确定要删除的对应物。记录要删除的每个对应物的DBINC_KEY，
随后启动SQL*Plus,执行delete from dbinc where dbinc_key=2;
13、手工同步恢复目录：resync catalog;
14. 还原预演: restore database preview;
15. 验证备份: backup validate database;
RMAN> VALIDATE DATABASE;--验证整个数据库
RMAN> VALIDATE BACKUPSET 22;--验证某个备份文件
RMAN> VALIDATE TABLESPACE USERS;--验证某个表空间
RMAN> VALIDATE DATAFILE 1;--验证某个数据文件
RMAN> VALIDATE DATAFILE 1 BLOCK 10;--验证某个数据文件中的某个块
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