第二十三节:equals和==

本文详细解析了Java中equals方法与==运算符的区别,通过实例展示了它们在对象比较时的不同行为,并强调了在字符串比较中使用equals的重要性。

equals和==

==判断左右两端的数据是否一致
equals:object类提供的一个方法,用来判断两个对象是否相等
equals可以自己重写

public class Cat {

    String name;
    String color;

    public Cat(String name,String color){
        this.color=color;
        this.name=name;
    }

    public boolean equals(Cat c){
        if(this.color==c.color){//单纯的自己去写判断的逻辑
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Cat c1=new Cat("小花","红色");
        Cat c2=new Cat("小花","红色");

//        System.out.println(c1==c2);//false
        System.out.println(c1.equals(c2));//false
    }
}
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        String str1="小红";
//        String str2="小红";//第二次的小红并没有单独占用内存空间
//
//        System.out.println(str1==str2);//true
//        System.out.println(str1.equals(str2));//true

        String str3=new String("钢精");
        String str4=new String("钢精");

        System.out.println(str3==str4);
        System.out.println(str3.equals(str4));
        //字符串的判断必须用equals可以帮我们判断内容
    }
}

运行结果

false
true

Process finished with exit code 0

字符串的判断一定要用equals来判断

小练习:模拟用户登录

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String username="admin";
        String password="123";

        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("请输入用户名:");

        String uname=sc.nextLine();

        System.out.println("请输入密码:");

        String upwd=sc.nextLine();

        //判断用户名和密码是否ok,用equals来判断
        if(uname.equals(username)&&upwd.equals(password)){
            System.out.println("登陆成功");
        }else{
            System.out.println("登陆失败");
        }
    }
}

运行结果

请输入用户名:
admin
请输入密码:
123
登陆成功

Process finished with exit code 0

(自主学习,侵权可删)

package com.heytap.rjkf; import android.speech.tts.UtteranceProgressListener; import android.os.Bundle; import android.speech.tts.TextToSpeech; import android.app.Activity; import android.webkit.WebView; import android.webkit.WebViewClient; import android.content.res.Configuration; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; import android.webkit.ValueCallback; import android.app.AlertDialog; import android.content.DialogInterface; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.graphics.Color; import java.util.Locale; import java.util.UUID; import android.os.Handler; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements TextToSpeech.OnInitListener { private WebView mWebView; private TextToSpeech tts; private StringBuilder textBuilder = new StringBuilder(); private boolean isSpeaking = false; private boolean isPaused = false; private int currentSentenceIndex = 0; private int currentCharIndex = 0; private String[] sentences; private Handler handler = new Handler(); private static final String PREFS_NAME = "ReadProgress"; private static final String KEY_SENTENCE_INDEX = "sentenceIndex"; private static final String KEY_CHAR_INDEX = "charIndex"; private boolean shouldHighlight = false; // 优化后的正则表达式常量 private static final Pattern BIBLE_REF_PATTERN = Pattern.compile( "\\b(?:创|亚|玛|太|可|启|但|何)\\s*?[一二百]*\\d+([、,]\\s*\\d+)*([~下]*\\d*[上]*)?[]?\\b|" + "\\s*?[一二十百]*\\d+([、,]\\s*\\d+)*([~下]*\\d*[上]*)?[]?|" + "(引用文|参\\s*(?:创|但何)\\s*?[一二三九十百]*\\d+([、,]\\s*\\d+)*([~下]*\\d*[上]*)?)" ); private static final Pattern SENTENCE_DELIMITER = Pattern.compile("(?<=[ 。!??!])"); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // 检查是否有保存的进度 checkSavedProgress(); initTextToSpeech(); setupWebView(); loadWebContent("file:///android_asset/index.html"); setupButtons(); } private void initTextToSpeech() { tts = new TextToSpeech(this, this); setUtteranceProgressListener(); } private void checkSavedProgress() { SharedPreferences prefs = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, MODE_PRIVATE); int savedSentenceIndex = prefs.getInt(KEY_SENTENCE_INDEX, -1); int savedCharIndex = prefs.getInt(KEY_CHAR_INDEX, -1); if (savedSentenceIndex != -1 && savedCharIndex != -1) { new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("继续朗读?") .setMessage("检测到上次未完成的朗读进度,是否继续?") .setPositiveButton("是", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { currentSentenceIndex = savedSentenceIndex; currentCharIndex = savedCharIndex; shouldHighlight = true; // 标记需要高亮 } }) .setNegativeButton("否", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { clearProgress(); } }) .setCancelable(false) .show(); } } // JavaScript接口类 private class JavaScriptInterface { @android.webkit.JavascriptInterface public void highlightSentence(int sentenceIndex, int charIndex) { runOnUiThread(() -> { try { // 调用JS高亮方法 String js = String.format("highlightSentence(%d, %d)", sentenceIndex, charIndex); mWebView.evaluateJavascript(js, null); } catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "高亮错误: " + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } } private void setupWebView() { mWebView = findViewById(R.id.mWebView); mWebView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true); mWebView.getSettings().setDomStorageEnabled(true); mWebView.addJavascriptInterface(new JavaScriptInterface(), "AndroidInterface"); mWebView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() { @Override public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) { super.onPageFinished(view, url); // 注入高亮JS injectHighlightJS(); extractTextFromWebPage(); // 如果需要恢复高亮 if (shouldHighlight) { highlightCurrentPosition(); shouldHighlight = false; } } }); } // 注入高亮JS脚本 private void injectHighlightJS() { String highlightJS = "javascript:(function() {" + " window.highlightSentence = function(sentenceIndex, charIndex) {" + " const sentences = document.querySelectorAll('.sentence');" + " sentences.forEach(s => s.style.backgroundColor = '');" + " if (sentenceIndex >= 0 && sentenceIndex < sentences.length) {" + " const sentence = sentences[sentenceIndex];" + " sentence.style.backgroundColor = '#FFF59D';" + " sentence.scrollIntoView({behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center'});" + " " + " // 高亮单个字符(可选)" + " const text = sentence.textContent;" + " if (charIndex > 0 && charIndex < text.length) {" + " const prefix = text.substring(0, charIndex);" + " const currentChar = text.substring(charIndex, charIndex + 1);" + " const suffix = text.substring(charIndex + 1);" + " sentence.innerHTML = prefix + '<span style=\"background-color:#FFCC80\">' + currentChar + '</span>' + suffix;" + " }" + " }" + " };" + " console.log('Highlight JS injected');" + "})()"; mWebView.evaluateJavascript(highlightJS, null); } private void extractTextFromWebPage() { mWebView.evaluateJavascript("(function() {" + "var nodes = document.body.childNodes;" + "var index = 0;" + "var sentences = [];" + "for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {" + " var node = nodes[i];" + " if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {" + " var text = node.nodeValue.trim();" + " if (text) {" + " var span = document.createElement('span');" + " span.className = 'sentence';" + " span.dataset.index = index++;" + " span.textContent = text;" + " node.parentNode.replaceChild(span, node);" + " sentences.push(text);" + " }" + " } else if (node.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE && node.tagName.toLowerCase() !== 'br') {" + " var innerText = node.innerText.trim();" + " if (innerText) {" + " var span = document.createElement('span');" + " span.className = 'sentence';" + " span.dataset.index = index++;" + " span.textContent = innerText;" + " node.innerHTML = '';" + " node.appendChild(span);" + " sentences.push(innerText);" + " }" + " }" + "}" + "return sentences.join('|');" + "})()", new ValueCallback<String>() { @Override public void onReceiveValue(String value) { runOnUiThread(() -> { try { if (value != null && !value.isEmpty() && !"null".equals(value)) { textBuilder.setLength(0); // 移除JSON字符串的引号 String rawText = value.replaceAll("^\"|\"$", ""); textBuilder.append(rawText); // 使用预编译的正则表达式提高效率 String filteredText = BIBLE_REF_PATTERN.matcher(textBuilder.toString()).replaceAll(""); // 改进句子分割逻辑 sentences = SENTENCE_DELIMITER.split(filteredText); currentSentenceIndex = 0; currentCharIndex = 0; // 如果需要恢复高亮 if (shouldHighlight) { highlightCurrentPosition(); shouldHighlight = false; } } else { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "页面内容为空", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "文本处理错误: " + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } }); } private void highlightCurrentPosition() { if (mWebView != null) { String js = String.format("highlightSentence(%d, %d)", currentSentenceIndex, currentCharIndex); mWebView.evaluateJavascript(js, null); } } private void saveProgress() { SharedPreferences.Editor editor = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, MODE_PRIVATE).edit(); editor.putInt(KEY_SENTENCE_INDEX, currentSentenceIndex); editor.putInt(KEY_CHAR_INDEX, currentCharIndex); editor.apply(); } private void clearProgress() { SharedPreferences.Editor editor = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, MODE_PRIVATE).edit(); editor.remove(KEY_SENTENCE_INDEX); editor.remove(KEY_CHAR_INDEX); editor.apply(); } // 其他方法保持不变(setupButtons, stopSpeaking, setUtteranceProgressListener等) // 确保在onDestroy中保存当前进度 private void setupButtons() { Button speakButton = findViewById(R.id.speakButton); speakButton.setOnClickListener(v -> { if (sentences == null || sentences.length == 0) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请先加载内容", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } if (isPaused) { isPaused = false; speakFromCurrentPosition(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "朗读继续", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { if (isSpeaking) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "正在朗读中", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { currentSentenceIndex = 0; currentCharIndex = 0; speakFromCurrentPosition(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "朗读开始", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }); Button stopButton = findViewById(R.id.stopButton); stopButton.setOnClickListener(v -> { stopSpeaking(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "朗读已停止", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }); Button pauseButton = findViewById(R.id.pauseButton); pauseButton.setOnClickListener(v -> { if (isSpeaking) { tts.stop(); isSpeaking = false; isPaused = true; Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "朗读已暂停", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } private void stopSpeaking() { if (tts != null) { tts.stop(); } isSpeaking = false; isPaused = false; } private void setUtteranceProgressListener() { tts.setOnUtteranceProgressListener(new UtteranceProgressListener() { @Override public void onStart(String utteranceId) { isSpeaking = true; isPaused = false; } @Override public void onDone(String utteranceId) { handler.post(() -> { // 更新朗读位置(整句完成) if (currentSentenceIndex < sentences.length) { currentCharIndex = sentences[currentSentenceIndex].length(); } handler.postDelayed(MainActivity.this::speakFromCurrentPosition, 100); }); } @Override public void onError(String utteranceId) { isSpeaking = false; handler.post(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "朗读错误", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() ); } }); } private void speakFromCurrentPosition() { if (tts == null || isPaused || sentences == null) return; try { // 跳过空句子 while (currentSentenceIndex < sentences.length && (sentences[currentSentenceIndex] == null || sentences[currentSentenceIndex].trim().isEmpty())) { currentSentenceIndex++; currentCharIndex = 0; } if (currentSentenceIndex >= sentences.length) { isSpeaking = false; Toast.makeText(this, "播放完成", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } String currentSentence = sentences[currentSentenceIndex]; if (currentCharIndex >= currentSentence.length()) { // 移动到下一句 currentSentenceIndex++; currentCharIndex = 0; speakFromCurrentPosition(); return; } // 朗读当前句子剩余部分 String partToSpeak = currentSentence.substring(currentCharIndex); if (!partToSpeak.trim().isEmpty()) { Bundle params = new Bundle(); String utteranceId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); params.putCharSequence(TextToSpeech.Engine.KEY_PARAM_UTTERANCE_ID, utteranceId); tts.speak(partToSpeak, TextToSpeech.QUEUE_FLUSH, params, utteranceId); // 更新字符位置(整句朗读) currentCharIndex = currentSentence.length(); } else { // 跳过空白句子 currentSentenceIndex++; currentCharIndex = 0; speakFromCurrentPosition(); } } catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(this, "朗读异常: " + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } private void loadWebContent(String url) { try { mWebView.loadUrl(url); } catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(this, "内容加载失败: " + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } @Override public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) { super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); } @Override public void onBackPressed() { if (mWebView.canGoBack()) { mWebView.goBack(); } else { super.onBackPressed(); } } @Override public void onInit(int status) { if (status == TextToSpeech.SUCCESS) { int result = tts.setLanguage(Locale.CHINESE); if (result == TextToSpeech.LANG_MISSING_DATA || result == TextToSpeech.LANG_NOT_SUPPORTED) { Toast.makeText(this, "语言不支持", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { // 设置朗读参数 tts.setPitch(1.0f); tts.setSpeechRate(1.0f); } } else { Toast.makeText(this, "TTS初始化失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { // 保存当前进度 if (isSpeaking || isPaused) { saveProgress(); } else { clearProgress(); } if (tts != null) { tts.stop(); tts.shutdown(); } super.onDestroy(); } } 你看下我代码,是什么原有导致到第一次打开快速闪下能看到webbiew ,然后就突然黑了看不到,只能看到底部的三个按钮组件, 下面是布局:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <!-- WebView应占据主要空间 --> <WebView android:id="@+id/mWebView" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="0dp" android:layout_weight="1"/> <!-- 按钮放在底部 --> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal" android:gravity="center"> <Button android:id="@+id/speakButton" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="朗读"/> <Button android:id="@+id/pauseButton" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="暂停"/> <Button android:id="@+id/stopButton" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="停止"/> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
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